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Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of the thyroid gland in regulating metabolism?
What is the primary function of the thyroid gland in regulating metabolism?
- Regulating the rate of energy production (correct)
- Regulating the breakdown of nutrients
- Regulating the synthesis of ATP
- Regulating the storage of glycogen
What is the primary source of regulation for thyroid hormone production?
What is the primary source of regulation for thyroid hormone production?
- Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) from the pituitary gland (correct)
- Insulin from the pancreas
- Growth hormone from the hypothalamus
- Adrenaline from the adrenal glands
What is the term for the abnormal growths on the thyroid gland that can be benign or cancerous?
What is the term for the abnormal growths on the thyroid gland that can be benign or cancerous?
- Thyroid cysts
- Thyroid nodules (correct)
- Thyroid polyps
- Thyroid tumors
What is the term for the condition in which the thyroid gland is underactive?
What is the term for the condition in which the thyroid gland is underactive?
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What is the purpose of the negative feedback loop in thyroid hormone regulation?
What is the purpose of the negative feedback loop in thyroid hormone regulation?
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What is the primary role of iodine in thyroid hormone production?
What is the primary role of iodine in thyroid hormone production?
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Study Notes
Thyroid Gland
- Located in the neck, below the larynx
- Butterfly-shaped endocrine gland
- Produces hormones that regulate metabolism, growth, and development
Thyroid Hormones
- Triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4)
- Produced by thyroid follicles
- Regulate:
- Metabolic rate
- Energy production
- Growth and development
- Nervous system function
Thyroid Function
- Converts iodine from food into thyroid hormones
- Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) from pituitary gland regulates thyroid hormone production
- Negative feedback loop: high thyroid hormone levels inhibit TSH production
Thyroid Disorders
- Hypothyroidism: underactive thyroid gland
- Symptoms: fatigue, weight gain, dry skin, hair loss
- Causes: iodine deficiency, thyroiditis, radiation therapy
- Hyperthyroidism: overactive thyroid gland
- Symptoms: weight loss, anxiety, rapid heartbeat, tremors
- Causes: Graves' disease, thyroid nodules, excessive iodine intake
- Thyroid nodules: abnormal growths on the thyroid gland
- Can be benign or cancerous
- Symptoms: lump in the neck, difficulty swallowing, voice changes
- Thyroid cancer: malignant tumor on the thyroid gland
- Types: papillary, follicular, medullary, anaplastic
- Treatment: surgery, radiation therapy, hormone therapy
Thyroid Gland
- Located in the neck, below the larynx
- Has a butterfly-shaped structure
Thyroid Hormones
- Two main types: Triiodothyronine (T3) and Thyroxine (T4)
- Produced by thyroid follicles
- Regulate metabolic rate, energy production, growth, and development
- Also regulate nervous system function
Thyroid Function
- Converts iodine from food into thyroid hormones
- Regulated by Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH) from the pituitary gland
- Negative feedback loop: high thyroid hormone levels inhibit TSH production
Thyroid Disorders
Hypothyroidism
- Underactive thyroid gland
- Symptoms: fatigue, weight gain, dry skin, hair loss
- Causes: iodine deficiency, thyroiditis, radiation therapy
Hyperthyroidism
- Overactive thyroid gland
- Symptoms: weight loss, anxiety, rapid heartbeat, tremors
- Causes: Graves' disease, thyroid nodules, excessive iodine intake
Thyroid Nodules
- Abnormal growths on the thyroid gland
- Can be benign or cancerous
- Symptoms: lump in the neck, difficulty swallowing, voice changes
Thyroid Cancer
- Malignant tumor on the thyroid gland
- Types: papillary, follicular, medullary, anaplastic
- Treatment: surgery, radiation therapy, hormone therapy
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