Thymus Gland Structure and Function

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Questions and Answers

Where do immature lymphocytes differentiate into T lymphocytes?

  • Thymus gland (correct)
  • Spleen
  • Bone marrow
  • Lymph nodes

Which organ collects antigens from the bloodstream?

  • Thymus gland
  • Spleen (correct)
  • Lymph nodes
  • MALT

Where do mature T lymphocytes primarily locate in the spleen?

  • Medulla
  • Cortex
  • Red pulp
  • White pulp (correct)

During which developmental stage does the thymus gland increase in size?

<p>Infancy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the medulla in the thymus gland?

<p>Migrate T lymphocytes to secondary lymphoid organs (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where do mature B cells primarily locate in the spleen?

<p>White pulp (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cells express MHC molecules on their surface?

<p>Healthy cells (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of MHC molecules in the activation of T cells?

<p>Presenting foreign antigens to T cells (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do mature red blood cells not express MHC molecules on their surface?

<p>Due to lack of nucleus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the deep groove in the outer region of MHC molecules?

<p>Peptide-binding site (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do key amino acid sequences in MHC proteins vary widely from person to person?

<p>As identity markers on cell surfaces (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which diseases are mentioned as potentially involving overabundance of cytokines causing tissue damage?

<p>COVID-19, influenza and Ebola virus disease (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main immunological function of the spleen?

<p>Breaking down defective red blood cells and pathogens (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where are lymph nodes located in the body?

<p>Groin, armpits, neck, and along the small intestine (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which layer of a lymph node contains mainly B cells?

<p>Cortex (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of tissues contain non-encapsulated small aggregations of lymphocytes?

<p>Mucosa of the digestive, respiratory, and urinary tracts (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of MALT in the body?

<p>Neutralizing pathogens before they enter the body (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which immune cells are mainly responsible for mounting immune responses in lymph nodes?

<p>T and B lymphocytes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of fusing lysosomes with the phagosome?

<p>Antigen processing (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do superantigens differ from protein antigens in terms of presentation to T cells?

<p>Activate a large fraction of T cells directly (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of activating large numbers of Th-lymphocytes by superantigens?

<p>Excessive cytokine secretion (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which pathogen toxin is responsible for toxic shock syndrome?

<p>Staphylococcal toxic shock toxin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens when cells become infected by intracellular pathogens like viruses?

<p>MHC-I molecules collect peptides (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of T cells are recognized by MHC class I molecules presenting viral peptides?

<p>CD8+ T cells (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the second signal a T cell receives from an antigen-presenting cell to become activated?

<p>Costimulation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which molecules on the antigen-presenting cell (APC) bind with CD28 on the T cell to provide the second signal for T cell activation?

<p>B7.1 and B7.2 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the humoral immune response, what are the main targets of antibody production?

<p>Extracellular organisms (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of plasma cells in the immune response?

<p>Secrete antibodies (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cells costimulate B cells in the humoral immune response?

<p>T helper cells (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the observed physical sign of lymph node swelling usually indicative of?

<p>Efficient immune response to infection (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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