Thymus Gland Structure and Function
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Questions and Answers

Where do immature lymphocytes differentiate into T lymphocytes?

  • Thymus gland (correct)
  • Spleen
  • Bone marrow
  • Lymph nodes
  • Which organ collects antigens from the bloodstream?

  • Thymus gland
  • Spleen (correct)
  • Lymph nodes
  • MALT
  • Where do mature T lymphocytes primarily locate in the spleen?

  • Medulla
  • Cortex
  • Red pulp
  • White pulp (correct)
  • During which developmental stage does the thymus gland increase in size?

    <p>Infancy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the medulla in the thymus gland?

    <p>Migrate T lymphocytes to secondary lymphoid organs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do mature B cells primarily locate in the spleen?

    <p>White pulp</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells express MHC molecules on their surface?

    <p>Healthy cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of MHC molecules in the activation of T cells?

    <p>Presenting foreign antigens to T cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do mature red blood cells not express MHC molecules on their surface?

    <p>Due to lack of nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the deep groove in the outer region of MHC molecules?

    <p>Peptide-binding site</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do key amino acid sequences in MHC proteins vary widely from person to person?

    <p>As identity markers on cell surfaces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which diseases are mentioned as potentially involving overabundance of cytokines causing tissue damage?

    <p>COVID-19, influenza and Ebola virus disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main immunological function of the spleen?

    <p>Breaking down defective red blood cells and pathogens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are lymph nodes located in the body?

    <p>Groin, armpits, neck, and along the small intestine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which layer of a lymph node contains mainly B cells?

    <p>Cortex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of tissues contain non-encapsulated small aggregations of lymphocytes?

    <p>Mucosa of the digestive, respiratory, and urinary tracts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of MALT in the body?

    <p>Neutralizing pathogens before they enter the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which immune cells are mainly responsible for mounting immune responses in lymph nodes?

    <p>T and B lymphocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of fusing lysosomes with the phagosome?

    <p>Antigen processing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do superantigens differ from protein antigens in terms of presentation to T cells?

    <p>Activate a large fraction of T cells directly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of activating large numbers of Th-lymphocytes by superantigens?

    <p>Excessive cytokine secretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which pathogen toxin is responsible for toxic shock syndrome?

    <p>Staphylococcal toxic shock toxin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when cells become infected by intracellular pathogens like viruses?

    <p>MHC-I molecules collect peptides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of T cells are recognized by MHC class I molecules presenting viral peptides?

    <p>CD8+ T cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the second signal a T cell receives from an antigen-presenting cell to become activated?

    <p>Costimulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which molecules on the antigen-presenting cell (APC) bind with CD28 on the T cell to provide the second signal for T cell activation?

    <p>B7.1 and B7.2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the humoral immune response, what are the main targets of antibody production?

    <p>Extracellular organisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of plasma cells in the immune response?

    <p>Secrete antibodies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cells costimulate B cells in the humoral immune response?

    <p>T helper cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the observed physical sign of lymph node swelling usually indicative of?

    <p>Efficient immune response to infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

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