Thrombosis & Embolism Quiz

They are pale, dry, and easily breakable, composed mainly of platelets and fibrin with little RBC, and are attached to the blood vessel wall.

Deep calf veins, femoral veins, and iliac vein.

Platelets and fibrin.

Obstruction of blood flow due to the thrombus.

To visualize blood flow and detect thrombi.

Dislodged thrombi.

A detached intravascular solid, liquid, or gaseous mass carried by blood away from the point of origin.

Pulmonary thromboembolism.

Propagation can lead to the obstruction of the vessel.

Calf pain.

Thrombosis is the formation of a solid (clotted) mass of blood within a blood vessel, characterized by the formation of a thrombus.

Deficiency of Antithrombin, Protein C & S, and Fibrinolysis.

Virchow's triad are the three main factors that predispose to thrombosis: Endothelial injury, Alteration in blood flow, and Hypercoagulability of the blood.

Endothelial injury is the injury to the endothelium, which exposes subendothelial collagen, leading to platelet and WBC activation, and initiation of the clotting mechanism. Examples include traumatic, inflammatory injury, hypertension, bacterial infection, autoimmune diseases, and smoking.

Alteration in blood flow refers to changes in the normal blood flow pattern, such as turbulence and stasis. Examples include atherosclerosis, aneurysm, cardiac failure, long-term use of contraception, and severe burn or trauma.

Hypercoagulability of the blood refers to any alteration of the coagulation pathway that predisposes to thrombosis. Factors include increased coagulation factors, increased platelet count and adhesiveness, and decreased coagulation inhibitors such as Antithrombin III.

The microscopic picture of a thrombus shows lines of Zahn, which are layers of the thrombus with different colors, with some layers richer in fibrin and RBCs, and others richer in platelets.

Arterial thrombosis occurs in arteries, and is often caused by endothelial injury, whereas venous thrombosis occurs in veins, and is often caused by stasis or slowing of blood flow.

An aneurysm is an abnormal dilation of an artery, which can lead to alteration in blood flow and increase the risk of thrombosis.

Smoking is a predisposing factor for thrombosis, as it can cause endothelial injury and increase the risk of thrombosis.

The primary component of a thrombus is a solid (clotted) mass of blood, and it is formed within a blood vessel.

Old age, prolonged bed rest or immobilization, oral contraceptives, smoking, burns, and atherosclerosis are some acquired predisposing factors for thrombosis.

Platelets come into contact with endothelial cells, which initiates the clotting mechanism to form a thrombus.

Lines of Zahn indicate that thrombus formation occurred over time, with different layers of the thrombus being richer in fibrin and RBCs, or platelets, resulting in a layered appearance.

Hypertension can cause endothelial injury, which exposes subendothelial collagen, leading to platelet activation and thrombus formation.

Atherosclerosis is a predisposing factor for thrombosis, as it can cause endothelial injury and alter blood flow, leading to thrombus formation.

Antithrombin III is a coagulation inhibitor that helps to prevent thrombosis by inhibiting the coagulation pathway.

Cardiac failure can cause stasis, which is a slowing of blood flow, leading to thrombus formation.

Virchow's triad consists of three main factors that predispose to thrombosis: endothelial injury, alteration in blood flow, and hypercoagulability of the blood.

Smoking can cause endothelial injury and increase platelet adhesiveness, leading to thrombus formation.

Arterial thrombi are composed mainly of platelets and fibrin with little RBC, whereas venous thrombi are composed of platelets, fibrin, and a large number of RBC.

Deep calf veins, femoral veins, and iliac vein.

It is a clinical finding in deep venous thrombosis, indicating obstruction of blood flow.

Propagation.

Deep veins thrombosis (DVT) of the lower extremities, and the thrombus dislodges and travels to the lungs, causing pulmonary thromboembolism.

A detached intravascular solid, liquid, or gaseous mass carried by blood away from the point of origin. Common types include pulmonary thromboembolism, systemic thromboembolism, fat embolism, air embolism, and amniotic fluid embolism.

To diagnose and monitor deep venous thrombosis.

Slow blood flow in veins encourages the entrapment of red cells, leading to the development of venous thrombi.

Arterial thrombi are white (pale) and mural, whereas venous thrombi are red and occlusive.

Embolism, which can lead to infarction (ischemic necrosis) if the embolus lodges in a small vessel.

A solid (clotted) mass of blood within a blood vessel (Thrombus).

Endothelial injury, alteration in blood flow, and hypercoagulability of the blood.

Lines of Zahn show that thrombus formation occurred over time, with layers of fibrin and RBCs, and others with platelets.

Atherosclerosis is an acquired predisposing factor for thrombosis.

Cardiac failure can lead to stasis, which is an alteration in blood flow that predisposes to thrombosis.

Antithrombin III is a coagulation inhibitor that prevents excessive thrombus formation.

Propagation.

The most common source of emboli is deep venous thrombosis, which can lead to pulmonary thromboembolism.

Embolism is the obstruction of a blood vessel by a blood clot or other material, and common types include thromboembolism, fat embolism, and air embolism.

Endothelial injury exposes subendothelial collagen, which initiates the clotting mechanism and can lead to thrombus formation.

Arterial thrombi are composed mainly of platelets and fibrin with little RBC, whereas venous thrombi are composed of platelets, fibrin, and a large number of RBC. Arterial thrombi are attached to the blood vessel wall, whereas venous thrombi typically develop in the venous system.

The common clinical findings in deep venous thrombosis include edema of the ankle and foot, and calf pain when the ankle is dorsiflexed.

The primary fate of thrombi that can lead to serious consequences is propagation, which can lead to obstruction of vessels and ultimately infarction or ischemic necrosis.

Slow blood flow in veins encourages the entrapment of red cells, which contributes to the development of venous thrombi.

Doppler ultrasound is used to investigate deep venous thrombosis by detecting blood flow and identifying any abnormalities or obstruction.

The most common type of embolism is pulmonary thromboembolism, which typically originates from dislodged thrombi in the deep veins of the lower extremities.

Atherosclerosis can contribute to thrombosis by narrowing the lumen of the vessel, creating a site for thrombus formation.

The common types of embolism include pulmonary thromboembolism, systemic thromboembolism, fat embolism, air embolism, and amniotic fluid embolism.

Edema of the ankle and foot is a clinical finding in deep venous thrombosis, indicating venous obstruction and potential serious consequences.

Platelets play a crucial role in thrombus formation by aggregating and forming a platelet plug, which is then stabilized by fibrin.

A solid (clotted) mass of blood

Platelets come in contact with endothelial cells, initiating the clotting mechanism to form a thrombus

Hypertension can cause endothelial injury, leading to thrombosis

Virchow's triad identifies three main factors that predispose to thrombosis: endothelial injury, alteration in blood flow, and hypercoagulability of the blood

Arterial thrombosis is characterized by a thrombus formed in an artery, while venous thrombosis is characterized by a thrombus formed in a vein

Atherosclerosis can lead to endothelial injury, increasing the risk of thrombosis

Cardiac failure can lead to stasis, increasing the risk of thrombosis

Antithrombin III is a coagulation inhibitor that prevents thrombosis

Propagation of the thrombus

Lines of Zahn show the different layers of the thrombus, which are richer in fibrin and RBCs in some areas and richer in platelets in others

Slow blood flow in veins encourages entrapment of red cells.

Embolism

Arterial thrombi are composed mainly of platelets and fibrin with little RBC, while venous thrombi are composed of platelets, fibrin, and a large number of RBC.

To diagnose deep venous thrombosis

It is a sign of deep venous thrombosis

Embolism, which can lead to infarction (ischemic necrosis)

Atherosclerosis can contribute to the development of thrombosis by causing endothelial injury and narrowing of the vessel lumen.

Platelets are a main component of thrombi, and they play a key role in the formation of thrombi.

Virchow's triad identifies the three main factors that predispose to thrombosis: endothelial injury, alteration in blood flow, and hypercoagulability of the blood.

Arterial thrombi are white and pale, while venous thrombi are red and occlusive.