Threats to Forest Ecosystems

What was one of the main reasons for clearing forests in the Middle Ages?

To construct buildings and heat homes (correct)
To create forests for recreational activities
To make way for industrial development
To build green areas in urban regions

What is a consequence of urbanization in Lebanon?

Increased forest area
Decreased forest fragmentation
Reduced forest fires
High level of forest cover fragmentation (correct)

What is the recommended green area per person according to the WHO?

0.8 m2
1 m2
10 m2
9 m2 (correct)

Which of the following is a challenge faced by Lebanon's forests?

Poor governance (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is a consequence of climate change on Lebanon's forests?

Exacerbation of forest fires and pest outbreaks (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which organization is responsible for the forestry sector in Lebanon?

Rural Development and Natural Resources Directorate (D) Signup and view all the answers

How many hectares of forests and wooded lands are affected by forest fires every year?

Hundreds of hectares (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the current green area per person in Beirut?

0.8 m2 (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of removing flammable small trees and underbrush in the highest-risk forest areas?

To prevent large fires by removing flammable materials (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a consideration for setting small contained surface fires?

Always proven to be helpful in preventing large fires (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of allowing some fires on public lands to burn?

To remove flammable underbrush and smaller trees (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason for not removing economically valuable medium-size and large trees?

They are usually fire-resistant and their removal encourages the growth of flammable small trees and underbrush (B) Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of the wood consumed in the US is wasted unnecessarily due to inefficient use of construction materials, excessive packaging, and failure to re-use wooden shipping containers?

60% (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is one way to sustain forests, according to Miller and Spoolman?

Removing government subsidies that hasten the destruction of forests (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of thinning trees and other vegetation at around 60 meters from houses?

To protect human habitats (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of reforestation and afforestation initiatives?

To sustain forests (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for forest fires in certain parts of the world?

Intentional burning of forests to clear land (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the estimated percentage of forest cover loss over the past 8,000 years?

47% (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is a consequence of deforestation in tropical areas?

Habitat loss for native and migrating species (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is a projected effect of climate change on forests?

Increased susceptibility to insect pests (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is a short-term economic benefit of deforestation?

Clearing land for agriculture or settlements (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is a consequence of deforestation on local ecosystems?

Local extinction of specialist species (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is a consequence of deforestation on the global climate?

Release of CO2 and loss of CO2 absorption (C) Signup and view all the answers

In which regions are forest losses most concentrated?

Latin America, Indonesia, and Africa (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is a major issue related to paper usage?

Inadequate paper recycling (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is an alternative to traditional paper making mentioned in the text?

Producing paper from rice straws and agricultural residues (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is kenaf, as mentioned in the text?

A rapidly growing woody annual plant used for paper production (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is one way to reduce the demand for tree cutting, as mentioned in the text?

Reducing the use of throwaway paper products made from trees (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is one approach to reducing the fuelwood crisis in less-developed countries?

Establishing small plantations of fast-growing fuelwood trees and shrubs (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is Lebanon known for, in terms of its forests?

Being a hub for diverse types of forests and a high number of plant and animal species (B) Signup and view all the answers

What did the Phoenicians use Lebanon's trees for?

To build their famous merchant boats (B) Signup and view all the answers

What did the Romans use Lebanon's trees for?

As firewood (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is a major threat to forests globally, resulting in the yearly degradation of hundreds of hectares?

Changes in land-use (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is a limitation of the current Forest Law in Lebanon?

It limits management practices and interventions (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is a challenge faced by newly-established forests in Lebanon?

Wildfires and overgrazing (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is a factor that contributes to the spread of fires in Lebanon?

High-pressure winds (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is a cause of wildfires in Lebanon?

Bottles with flammable content (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is a result of drought in Lebanon?

Vaporization of water and increased risk of fires (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is a consequence of thrown glass waste in Lebanon?

It directly absorbs light, refracts the rays and brings them to a tight focus, causing a fire (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is a method of growing food that contributes to wildfires in Lebanon?

Slash and burn agriculture (C) Signup and view all the answers