Threats and Solutions in Artificial Intelligence

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What is the main focus of the article 'Artificial Intelligence Crime: An Interdisciplinary Analysis of Foreseeable Threats and Solutions'?

The history of AI research and regulation

The applications of AI in simulated markets

The potential re-orientation of AI technologies for criminal acts (correct)

The benefits of AI innovation

What is meant by AI-Crime (AIC) as discussed in the article?

The potential use of AI technologies for criminal activities (correct)

The use of AI in legal studies

The impact of AI on social media users

The ethical issues related to AI research

What does the article suggest is a consequence of the recent surge in AI research?

More certainty about the future of AI technologies

Greater motivation for law enforcement organizations

Increased collaboration between ethicists and policymakers

Potential re-orientation of AI technologies for criminal acts (correct)

Why is there little certainty about what an AIC future might look like according to the article?

AI-Crime being a young and interdisciplinary area Signup and view all the answers

What is the aim of the article's interdisciplinary literature analysis?

To provide ethicists, policy-makers, and law enforcement with a synthesis of the current problems Signup and view all the answers

What is one unintended consequence of the recent surge in AI research mentioned in the article?

Potential re-orientation of AI technologies for criminal acts Signup and view all the answers

What is the main focus of the article?

The potential role of AI in criminal activities Signup and view all the answers

In the first research experiment mentioned, how was AI used to convince social media users to click on phishing links?

Tailoring mass-produced messages to individual users using machine learning techniques Signup and view all the answers

What is the distinction between 'essential' and 'necessary' as used in the article?

Essential indicates negligible possibility, while necessary indicates logical possibility Signup and view all the answers

Why does the article emphasize that AI-fuelled crimes involve AI as a contributory factor, but not an investigative, enforcing, or mitigating factor?

To clarify the specific role of AI in criminal activities Signup and view all the answers

What is the main objective of the article's systematic and comprehensive analysis of AIC?

To identify unique and plausible threats posed by AIC Signup and view all the answers

According to the article, what is the basis for the analysis of AIC?

'Essential' as defined by McCarthy et al. Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of the seminal “Proposal for the Dartmouth Summer Research Project on Artificial Intelligence”?

To define artificial intelligence as a machine's ability to behave intelligently Signup and view all the answers

According to Floridi, how is the concept of intelligence related to machine behavior?

Machine behavior is considered intelligent if a human would exhibit the same behavior Signup and view all the answers

What is the basis for defining AI according to the Turing test?

The machine's ability to perform tasks indistinguishably from a human Signup and view all the answers

How are artificial agents (AAs) defined according to Floridi and Sanders?

As autonomous entities capable of learning and performing morally relevant actions Signup and view all the answers

What did Yang et al. discuss as being underpinned by autonomy and learning skills in AI applications?

Both beneficial and malicious uses of AI Signup and view all the answers

In the second phase of literature analysis, what was used as a criterion for filtering the results?

The uniqueness of criminal acts or omissions requiring AI as an essential factor Signup and view all the answers

What problem does monitoring AIC face?

Attribution, feasibility, and cross-system actions Signup and view all the answers

Why may human agents avoid finding out precisely what ML system is doing?

To deny liability Signup and view all the answers

What is a concern related to monitoring social media bots?

Evasion of detection by adopting human traits Signup and view all the answers

What presents a problem for AIC monitors focusing on a single system?

Cross-system actions such as deceiving users Signup and view all the answers

What is a psychological effect discussed in the literature concerning AAs?

Capacity for AAs to gain trust from users Signup and view all the answers

What is a concern raised by using machine learning to generate malware?

Malware deceiving network trained to detect malicious content Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'emergence' refer to in the context of artificial intelligence crime (AIC)?

The concern that artificial agents may act in more sophisticated ways beyond original expectation upon deployment Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary concern related to 'liability' in the context of AIC?

The concern that AIC could undermine existing liability models Signup and view all the answers

How does greater artificial agent (AA) autonomy impact the mens rea in certain types of AIC?

Greater AA autonomy increases the chance of decoupling a criminal act from the mental state Signup and view all the answers

What is the potential consequence of non-predictability and autonomy of artificial agents, according to Alaieri and Vellino?

It makes artificial agents harder to trust and confers a greater degree of responsibility to the machine Signup and view all the answers

What is the essence of 'emergence' in multi-agent systems (MAS) as highlighted by Hildebrandt?

The relatively simple design leading to more complex behavior is a core desideratum of MASs Signup and view all the answers

What is one potential consequence highlighted in relation to criminal liability in AIC?

Existing liability models may be inadequate to address the future role of AI in criminal activities Signup and view all the answers

What is defined as market manipulation?

Actions and/or trades by market participants that attempt to influence market pricing artificially Signup and view all the answers

What does an artificial trading agent (AA) learn through reinforcement learning according to the text?

The technique of order-book spoofing Signup and view all the answers

What is a pump-and-dump scheme?

Acquiring a position in a financial instrument, artificially inflating the stock through fraudulent promotion, and then selling the position at the inflated price Signup and view all the answers

What meets the coordination condition for collusion?

Near-instantaneous pricing information via a computer interface Signup and view all the answers

How are algorithms likely to maintain artificially and tacitly agreed higher prices according to the text?

By not lowering prices in the first place if the shared strategy of price-matching is common knowledge Signup and view all the answers

What raises concerns about AI's involvement in market manipulation, price fixing, and collusion?

Learning from real or simulated observations, leading to the generation of signals that effectively mislead Signup and view all the answers