18 Questions
What is the purpose of a Shirodkar Procedure in pregnancy?
To provide permanent cerclage
Which condition necessitates Therapeutic Abortion?
A threat to the mother's life
What characterizes an Illegal Abortion?
Is considered justified
Fetal Demise, also known as Stillbirth, can occur during which phase?
After the onset of labor
Which factor is NOT commonly associated with Fetal Demise?
Healthy maternal lifestyle
What defines an Ectopic Pregnancy?
Implantation outside the uterus
What is the main difference between threatened abortion and inevitable abortion?
Threatened abortion involves closed cervix while inevitable abortion involves open cervix.
What is the recommended management for a patient with threatened abortion?
Complete bed rest and abstinence from intercourse
In an inevitable abortion, what procedure may be performed to prevent further blood loss and anemia?
Emergency suction dilatation and curettage
What defines a complete abortion?
All products of conception are expelled
What is a Dilation and Curettage (D&C) procedure used for in the context of abortions?
To remove abnormal tissues in inevitable abortion
When should a patient with a threatened abortion report to their healthcare provider?
If there is increased bleeding, passage of tissue, or fever
What is the common cause of a threatened abortion?
Blighted ovum
What type of abortion is characterized by a sonogram finding of a viable pregnancy with vaginal bleeding but no cervical dilatation?
Threatened abortion
What is the main difference between spontaneous abortion and induced abortion?
Spontaneous abortion is unintentional, induced abortion is intentional
Which condition may lead to an incomplete abortion?
Blighted ovum
What does a missed abortion refer to?
Abortion that goes unnoticed by the patient
What is the immediate assessment needed for vaginal bleeding during pregnancy?
Confirmation of blood type
Study Notes
Threatened Abortion
- Pregnancy is jeopardized by bleeding and cramping, but the cervix is closed
- Management: further observation, no intervention, avoid strenuous activity, complete bed rest, and abstinence from intercourse
- Patient should report increased bleeding, passage of tissue, or fever
Inevitable Abortion
- Also known as imminent abortion
- Vaginal bleeding and uterine cramping leading to cervical dilatation, but no products of conception have passed
- Management: emergency suction dilation and curettage to prevent further blood loss and anemia
Complete Abortion
- All products of conception are expelled
- The uterus is well contracted, and the cervical os may be closed or opened
Therapeutic Abortion
- Ensures life of the mother, especially if there are bioethical issues (e.g., cardiorespiratory illnesses that may put the mother's life in danger)
- Has a two-fold effect, opting for the choice of lesser evil
Illegal Abortion
- Unwarranted termination of pregnancy that does not put the life of the mother or the fetus' life in jeopardy and is not permitted by Philippine law
Fetal Demise
- Also called stillbirth
- Termination of pregnancy after the age of viability
- Types: antenatal demise (occurs before labor) and intrapartum demise (occurs after the onset of labor)
- Risk factors: mostly idiopathic, antiphospholipid syndrome, maternal diabetes, maternal trauma, severe maternal isoimmunization, fetal aneuploidy, and fetal infection
Ectopic Pregnancy
- Pregnancy in which implantation occurred outside the uterine cavity
- Symptoms: cold, clammy skin, vasoconstriction, decreased urine output, decreased central venous pressure
Abortion
- Termination of pregnancy before the age of viability (< 20 weeks)
- Common causes: abnormal fetal development, implantation abnormalities, fails to produce enough progesterone, ingestion of alcohol, systemic infections
Immediate Assessment of Vaginal Bleeding During Pregnancy
- Confirmation of pregnancy
- Pregnancy length, duration, intensity, description, frequency, and associated symptoms
- Action: blood type
Types of Abortion
- Spontaneous abortion: nature's way of expelling a defective fetus, caused by chromosomal aberration, blighted ovum, and germ plasma defect, maternal age > 35 years old
- Induced abortion: abortion brought about intentionally, also known as artificial or therapeutic abortion
- Types of spontaneous abortion: threatened, inevitable, complete, incomplete, missed, and habitual
Learn about the management of threatened and inevitable abortion scenarios in pregnancy, including observations, interventions, and precautions to take. Understand the differences between threatened and inevitable abortion.
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