Questions and Answers
Increased tactile fremitus would be evident in an individual who has which of the following conditions?
A common clinical manifestation in a patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is:
Which of the following is not included in the definition of the thoracic cage?
Inspiration is primarily facilitated by which of the following muscles?
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Which of the following voice sounds would be a normal finding?
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The gradual loss of intra-alveolar septa and a decreased number of alveoli in the lungs of elderly adults cause:
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The function of the trachea and bronchi is to:
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Stridor is a high-pitched, inspiratory crowing sound commonly associated with:
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What is percussion of the chest used for?
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Study Notes
Increased Tactile Fremitus
- Increased tactile fremitus indicates lung tissue compression or consolidation, commonly seen in pneumonia.
- Decreased tactile fremitus occurs due to obstruction (e.g., obstructed bronchus, pleural effusion, pneumothorax, emphysema).
- Crepitus refers to a coarse crackling sensation felt under the skin due to subcutaneous emphysema.
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Manifestations
- Pursed-lip breathing is a common manifestation in COPD, helping to maintain positive pressure in the bronchial tree during exhalation.
- Periodic breathing patterns (Cheyne-Stokes, Biot) and unequal chest expansion are other observations but not as characteristic as pursed-lip breathing.
- Hyperventilation can occur in various conditions including fever, fear, and respiratory issues.
Thoracic Cage Components
- The thoracic cage consists of the sternum, ribs, vertebrae, and diaphragm.
- The costochondral junction is not part of the thoracic cage's structural definition.
Muscles of Inspiration
- The diaphragm is the principal muscle for inspiration, supported by intercostal muscles which elevate the ribs and sternum, enhancing lung capacity.
Normal Voice Sounds
- A clear "eeeee" sound heard through a stethoscope indicates normal findings (egophony).
- Normal voice transmission should be soft and muffled, contrasting with distinct or audible whispered sounds.
Changes in Elderly Lungs
- Aging leads to a gradual loss of intra-alveolar septa and a reduction in alveoli, which decreases the surface area available for gas exchange.
Function of Trachea and Bronchi
- The trachea and bronchi are critical for transporting gases between the environment and the lung parenchyma.
Stridor Characteristics
- Stridor is a high-pitched, crowing sound indicating upper airway obstruction, often due to swelling or a foreign object.
Chest Percussion
- Percussion is a valuable diagnostic technique for revealing alterations in lung tissue and can aid in fluid detection or consolidation, but can be influenced by surrounding muscle and fat.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the thorax and lungs with flashcards based on Chapter 18. This quiz focuses on conditions like pneumonia and the concept of tactile fremitus. Perfect for students studying respiratory health or related fields.
