Thorax & Abdomen Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary learning outcome of this lecture regarding the blood supply?

  • To describe the skeletal system of the thorax and abdomen
  • To describe the blood supply to the thorax and abdomen, including the walls and each of its components (correct)
  • To describe the muscular system of the thorax and abdomen
  • To describe the nervous system of the thorax and abdomen
  • What is the location of the abdominal aortic aneurysm in the case study?

  • Infrarenal abdominal aorta (correct)
  • Thoracic aorta
  • Suprarenal abdominal aorta
  • Renal aorta
  • What is the size of the abdominal aortic aneurysm in the case study?

  • 10cm (correct)
  • 7cm
  • 15cm
  • 5cm
  • What is the purpose of the lecture on thorax and abdomen?

    <p>To describe the vascularity of the thorax and abdomen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the learning outcome of this lecture regarding venous drainage?

    <p>To describe the venous drainage of the thorax and abdomen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the treatment plan for the patient in the case study?

    <p>Surgical repair</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first and largest branch of the arch of aorta?

    <p>Brachiocephalic trunk</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which artery supplies blood to the head and neck?

    <p>Common carotid artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does the subclavian artery terminate?

    <p>At the lateral border of the 1st rib</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the continuation of the arch of aorta?

    <p>Descending thoracic aorta</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does the descending thoracic aorta lie?

    <p>On the left side of the posterior mediastinum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the origin of the abdominal aorta?

    <p>Aortic hiatus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the branch of the subclavian artery that supplies the vertebral column?

    <p>Vertebral artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which branch of the abdominal aorta supplies the foregut?

    <p>Celiac trunk</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the level of termination of the abdominal aorta?

    <p>L4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does the descending thoracic aorta terminate?

    <p>At the diaphragm at T12</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the branch of the descending thoracic aorta that supplies the thoracic wall?

    <p>Posterior intercostals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following arteries is NOT a branch of the celiac trunk?

    <p>Gastroduodenal artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which artery supplies the diaphragm?

    <p>Superior phrenic artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the origin of the right gastric artery?

    <p>Proper hepatic artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which branch of the ascending aorta gives rise to the left coronary artery?

    <p>Left coronary artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does the aortic arch begin and end?

    <p>T4/5</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following nerves runs anterior to the arch of aorta?

    <p>Left vagus nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which intercostal spaces are supplied by the musculophrenic artery?

    <p>7th-9th spaces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the origin of the right bronchial artery?

    <p>Thoracic aorta</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of anastomosis is seen between the coronary arteries?

    <p>Anastomosis between coronary arteries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the origin of the internal thoracic artery?

    <p>Subclavian arteries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following branches of the abdominal aorta is unpaired?

    <p>Celiac trunk</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the level of the abdominal aorta at which it bifurcates?

    <p>L1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the collateral branch of the posterior intercostal artery?

    <p>Supply the superior border of the rib</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the syndrome caused by the compression of the left renal vein between the superior mesenteric artery and the aorta?

    <p>Nutcracker syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the artery that supplies the 1st and 2nd intercostal spaces?

    <p>Supreme intercostal artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following arteries anastomose with the anterior intercostal arteries?

    <p>Posterior intercostal artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the course of the internal thoracic artery?

    <p>Lateral to the posterior sternum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Thorax & Abdomen

    • Learning outcomes:
      • Describe the blood supply to the thorax and abdomen, including the walls and each of its components
      • Describe the venous drainage of the thorax and abdomen

    Case Study: Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm

    • A 72-year-old man with an abdominal aortic aneurysm (expansion of the infrarenal abdominal aorta) measuring 10cm
    • Scheduled for repair

    Arterial Supply to Thoracic Wall

    • Posterior intercostal arteries:
      • 1st and 2nd intercostal spaces: supplied by supreme intercostal artery
      • 3rd-11th intercostal spaces: supplied by thoracic aorta
    • Dorsal branch: supplies spinal cord and back muscles
    • Collateral branch: supplies superior border of rib and anastomoses with anterior intercostals
    • Anterior intercostal arteries:
      • Upper nine intercostal spaces: supplied by internal thoracic artery and musculophrenic artery
      • 10th-11th intercostal spaces: supplied by posterior intercostals and collateral branches

    Vasculature of the Lungs

    • Bronchial arteries:
      • Left bronchial artery: arises from thoracic aorta
      • Right bronchial artery: arises from aorta or posterior intercostal artery

    Vasculature of the Heart

    • Coronary arteries:
      • Right and left coronary arteries arise from corresponding aortic sinus and ascend aorta
      • Anastomosis vs. end arteries

    Ascending Aorta

    • Begins at aortic orifice
    • Branches:
      • Left coronary artery
      • Right coronary artery
    • Anastomosis vs. end arteries

    Arch of Aorta

    • Begins and ends at level T4/5
    • Arches superior, posterior, and left; then inferiorly
    • Left vagus nerve runs anterior to arch
    • Branches:
      • Brachiocephalic trunk
      • Left common carotid artery
      • Left subclavian artery

    Brachiocephalic Trunk

    • First and largest branch of arch of aorta
    • Posterior to manubrium and anterior to trachea on the right side
    • Terminal branches:
      • Right subclavian artery
      • Right common carotid artery

    Common Carotid Artery

    • Left: arises from arch of aorta
    • Right: arises from brachiocephalic trunk
    • Supplies blood to head and neck
    • Terminal branches:
      • External carotid artery
      • Internal carotid artery

    Subclavian Artery

    • Left: arises from arch of aorta
    • Right: arises from brachiocephalic trunk
    • Terminates at the lateral border of the 1st rib
    • Continues as the axillary artery
    • Divided into three parts by the anterior scalene muscle
    • Branches:
      • Vertebral artery
      • Internal thoracic artery
      • Thyrocervical artery
      • Costocervical artery
      • Dorsal scapular artery

    Descending Thoracic Aorta

    • Continuation of the arch of aorta
    • Begins at T4/5
    • Lies on the left side of the posterior mediastinum
    • Lies posterior to the root of the left lung
    • Terminates as abdominal aorta as it passes through the diaphragm at T12
    • Thoracic duct and azygos vein pass through aortic hiatus
    • Branches:
      • Posterior intercostals (thoracic wall)
      • Bronchial arteries (lungs)
      • Oesophageal arteries (oesophagus)
      • Superior phrenic artery (diaphragm)

    Blood Supply to Diaphragm

    • Superior phrenic artery (diaphragm)
    • Musculophrenic artery (diaphragm)
    • Inferior phrenic artery (diaphragm)

    Abdominal Aorta

    • Begins at aortic hiatus
    • Ends at level L4
    • Branches of abdominal aorta distributed in three planes
    • Terminal branches:
      • Common iliac arteries
    • Branches:
      • Unpaired:
        • Celiac trunk
        • Superior mesenteric artery
        • Inferior mesenteric artery
      • Paired visceral:
        • Suprarenal artery
        • Renal artery
        • Gonadal artery
      • Paired parietal:
        • Subcostal artery
        • Inferior phrenic artery
        • Lumbar arteries

    Celiac Trunk

    • Supplies the foregut
    • Branch of abdominal aorta at L1
    • Branches:
      • Left gastric artery
      • Splenic artery
      • Common hepatic artery

    Blood Supply to Stomach

    • Right gastric artery
    • Proper hepatic artery
    • Left gastric artery
    • Right gastro-omental artery
    • Gastroduodenal artery
    • Left gastro-omental artery
    • Splenic artery
    • Short gastric arteries
    • Posterior gastric arteries

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    Description

    This quiz covers the vascularity of the thorax and abdomen, focusing on learning outcomes related to the topic. It is a useful resource for students studying anatomy.

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