Thoracic Spine Anatomy and Landmarks

<p>Midway between flexion and extension (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Superior faces up and slightly laterally, inferior faces down and slightly medially (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>7 pairs (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Provides protection for the heart and lungs (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Costotransverse and radiate ligament (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The associated rib cage (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Trauma (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>20 – 45 degrees (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ribs 7 – 10 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pain in the epigastric area (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Osteoarthritis of the knee (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>On the appropriate lamina or transverse process (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To measure rib motion (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Transverse Vertebral Pressure (TVP) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Prone or on the side (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Left chest (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dermatomes overlap, reducing sensation loss risk. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is the most common type of structural kyphosis in adolescents. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pectus Carinatum (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Structural Scoliosis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Diaphragm (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Poor posture (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pain of cervical origin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sternum projects forward and upward (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hump back (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dowager's hump (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Internal intercostals (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Pain caused by issues with the roots of the spine, often radiating along the ribs or feeling like deep chest pain.

Pain worsened by taking a deep breath, suggesting a problem with the lungs or ribs.

Pain originating at the junction of the ribs and spine, possibly caused by muscle strain or joint irritation.

An abnormally increased curvature of the thoracic spine, exceeding 40 degrees between T4 and T12 vertebrae.

A common structural kyphosis affecting adolescents, where the cause is unknown, with males being affected more than females.

A sharp, localized curvature caused by structural changes like a compressed or fractured vertebra.

Decreased pelvic inclination with a flexible spine, similar to round back, but the spine is mobile.

A lateral curvature of the spine, affecting either the lumbar or thoracic regions.

A temporary curvature caused by factors like posture, nerve irritation, leg length differences, or pelvic imbalances.

A permanent curvature caused by genetic, idiopathic, or congenital bony changes, affecting females more often than males.

Bending forward, the thoracic spine typically moves between 20 and 45 degrees.

Bending backward, the thoracic spine typically moves between 20 and 45 degrees.

Bending sideways, the thoracic spine typically moves between 20 and 40 degrees.

Twisting the upper body, the thoracic spine typically moves between 35 and 50 degrees.

The space between the ribs and the spine should expand between 3.5cm and 7cm during inhalation.

Ribs 1-6 move superiorly and inferiorly, like a pump handle, during respiration.

Ribs 7-10 move superiorly and laterally, then inferiorly and medially, like a bucket handle, during respiration.

Ribs 11-12 move laterally and medially, like a caliper handle, during respiration.

Pain around the nipple area may indicate involvement of the T5 nerve root.

Pain in the umbilical region may indicate involvement of the T10-T11 nerve roots.

The thoracic spine has a normal kyphotic curvature, which is a gentle inward curve. This curvature is typically around 40 degrees.

The spinous process of T4 vertebra is at the same level as the root of the spine of the scapula, or the apex of the axillary fold.

The spinous processes of T7 and T8 vertebrae are roughly at the same level as the inferior angle of the scapula.

The spinous process of T12 vertebra is at the same level as the head of the 12th rib.

The superior facets of the thoracic vertebrae (T2-T11) face upwards, backwards, and slightly laterally. The inferior facets face downwards, forwards, and slightly medially.

This rule helps locate the spinous processes relative to transverse processes. T1-T3 (and T12) are at the level of the corresponding SP, T4-T6 (and T11) are halfway above the SP, and T7-T9 (and T10) are at the level of the SP of the vertebra above.

These joints articulate the ribs with the transverse processes of the thoracic vertebrae. Ribs 1-10 articulate with the TVP at the same level, but ribs 11 and 12 do not.

Ribs 1-7 are considered true ribs as they directly articulate with the sternum.

Ribs 8-10 are false ribs because they attach to the costocartilage of the rib above, not directly to the sternum.

Ribs 11 and 12 are floating ribs as they do not articulate with the sternum or the costocartilage.