Thoracic Cage Anatomy

Which of the following structures defines the boundaries of the thoracic cage?

What anatomical structure separates the thoracic cavity from the abdomen?

To which structures do the first seven ribs attach directly?

Which ribs are considered "floating" due to their free palpable tips?

Which anatomical landmark is also known as the angle of Louis?

What is the clinical significance of the sternal angle?

Up to which rib can you typically palpate easily on the anterior chest?

Which anatomical event occurs at the level of the sternal angle?

What is the vertebra prominens, and how is it located?

After T4, how do the spinous processes align with their corresponding ribs?

Where is the inferior border of the scapula typically located?

How is the twelfth rib palpated?

What is the clinical significance of the reference lines on the chest?

Where does the midclavicular line bisect the clavicle?

What anatomical landmarks define the scapular line?

Which line divides the lateral chest and originates from the axilla?

Which structures are contained within the mediastinum?

What anatomical structures primarily occupy the pleural cavities?

How does the location of lung tissue differ anteriorly and posteriorly?

Why is the right lung shorter than the left lung?

Why is the left lung narrower than the right lung?

How many lobes does the right lung have compared to the left lung?

On the anterior chest, where does the oblique fissure cross?

Where does the horizontal fissure of the right lung extend?

What portion of the lungs primarily occupies the posterior chest?

When a person abducts their arms with hands on the back of the head, the division between the upper and lower lobes corresponds to what anatomical landmark?

What is the primary characteristic of the pleurae?

What is the function of the pleural cavity?

Where does the trachea begin and at what level does it bifurcate?

What is the carina, and where is it located?

At what level does the tracheal bifurcation typically occur?

Why is the right main bronchus more susceptible to aspiration than the left?

What is the purpose of goblet cells and cilia within the bronchi?

What structures constitute the acinus, the functional respiratory unit?

What is the primary function of interalveolar septa?

What are the four major functions of the respiratory system?

What is the normal stimulus to breathe?

What is the effect of hypoventilation on carbon dioxide levels in the blood?

How is the vertical diameter of the thoracic container lengthened during inspiration?

What muscles are used to elevate the sternum and rib cage during forced inspiration?

What is unique about the respiratory system compared to other body systems at birth?

What lipid substance is required to breath that is not developed until 32 weeks?

What structures define the thoracic cage?

The diaphragm separates the thoracic cavity from the pelvic cavity.

The first seven ribs attach directly to the sternum via their ________.

What is the significance of the sternal angle (angle of Louis)?

The costal angle usually measures greater than 90 degrees.

What anatomical structure is located at the level of the tracheal bifurcation?

Which of the following reference lines is located on the anterior chest?

The midclavicular line bisects the center of the clavicle at a point closer to the sternoclavicular joint than the acromioclavicular joint.

The apex of lung tissue in the anterior chest extends 3 to 4 cm above the inner third of the ________.

Match the following reference lines with their descriptions:

What causes the right lung to be shorter than the left lung?

The lungs are arranged symmetrically in horizontal bands like dessert layers in a parfait glass.

The oblique fissure on the anterior chest crosses the 5th rib in the ________ line and terminates at the 6th rib in the midclavicular line.

Which part of the chest contains almost all lower lobe?

What type of membranes form an envelope between the lungs and the chest wall?

The visceral pleura lines the inside of the chest wall and diaphragm.

The pleural cavity is a potential space filled with a few milliliters of ________.

Where does the trachea bifurcate into the right and left main bronchi?

The right main bronchus is longer, narrower, and less vertical than the left main bronchus.

The trachea and bronchi transport gases between the environment and the lung ________.

What is the normal stimulus to breathe for most individuals?

During inspiration, the anteroposterior (AP) diameter decreases due to the depression of the ribs.

What action by the diaphragm primarily contributes to an increase in the vertical diameter during inspiration?

What complex lipid substance is needed for sustained inflation of the air sacs and is present in adequate amounts by 32 weeks gestation?

During pregnancy, the enlarging uterus increases the vertical diameter of the thoracic cage.

At the cellular level, actual respiration involves the movement of oxygen and carbon dioxide across the ________.

Which of the following is NOT a typical consequence of the aging lung?

During forced expiration, the abdominal muscles relax to allow the diaphragm to passively dome upward.

What is the term for the space that is filled with air but is not available for gas exchange?

If a person has atelectasis and an infection after an operation, what would you assume had caused it at the histological level?