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Questions and Answers
Which structure is NOT a part of the thoracic wall?
Which structure is NOT a part of the thoracic wall?
- Pelvis (correct)
- Ribs
- Vertebrae
- Sternum
What is the primary purpose of the thoracic wall?
What is the primary purpose of the thoracic wall?
- To allow for movement of the upper limbs
- To support the structure of the neck
- To enclose the thoracic cavity and protect the heart and lungs (correct)
- To protect the abdominal organs
How many pairs of ribs are typically present in a human thoracic wall?
How many pairs of ribs are typically present in a human thoracic wall?
- 10 pairs
- 8 pairs
- 14 pairs
- 12 pairs (correct)
What type of rib is directly attached to the sternum via costal cartilage?
What type of rib is directly attached to the sternum via costal cartilage?
What is a common injury associated with the thoracic wall?
What is a common injury associated with the thoracic wall?
What is the origin of the right and left phrenic nerves?
What is the origin of the right and left phrenic nerves?
Which anatomical region does the SVC drain blood into?
Which anatomical region does the SVC drain blood into?
What is the primary purpose of pleural tapping?
What is the primary purpose of pleural tapping?
What is the location of the thoracic inlet?
What is the location of the thoracic inlet?
The right and left phrenic nerves primarily innervate which muscle?
The right and left phrenic nerves primarily innervate which muscle?
In pleural tapping, where is the needle typically introduced?
In pleural tapping, where is the needle typically introduced?
Which of the following is NOT a reason to perform a pleural tap?
Which of the following is NOT a reason to perform a pleural tap?
What is the medical term for the procedure involving the removal of fluid from the pleural cavity?
What is the medical term for the procedure involving the removal of fluid from the pleural cavity?
Why is careful attention needed when choosing the site for pleural tapping?
Why is careful attention needed when choosing the site for pleural tapping?
Which spinal segments are involved in the innervation of the phrenic nerves?
Which spinal segments are involved in the innervation of the phrenic nerves?
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Study Notes
Thoracic Cavity
- The thoracic cavity houses the heart, lungs, and great vessels.
- The thoracic wall is composed of the ribs, sternum, thoracic vertebrae, and associated muscles.
- Intercostal spaces: spaces between the ribs filled by intercostal muscles, neurovascular bundles, and connective tissues.
- Thoracic inlet: superior opening of the thoracic cavity that communicates with the neck.
- Thoracic outlet: inferior opening of the thoracic cavity that communicates with the abdomen.
- Pleural space: potential space between the visceral and parietal pleura, which surround the lungs.
Thoracentesis
- Procedure to remove fluid from the pleural space.
- Involves inserting a needle into the intercostal space close to the upper border of the lower rib.
Right & Left Phrenic Nerves
- Control the diaphragm, which plays a crucial role in breathing.
- The nerves originate from C3, C4, and C5 spinal segments on both sides.
Applied Anatomy
- Thoracic Wall Injuries: fractures, contusions, punctures, flail chest.
- Respiratory Conditions: pleurisy, pneumonia, pneumothorax, pleural effusion.
- Surgical Procedures: thoracotomy, lobectomy, lung transplant.
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