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Questions and Answers
What does the voltage between two bodies measure?
What does the voltage between two bodies measure?
- The total potential of the two bodies
- The resistance of the circuit connected to the bodies
- The difference in potential between the two bodies (correct)
- The current flowing between the two bodies
In a circuit with steady EMF, what effect does doubling the resistance have on the current?
In a circuit with steady EMF, what effect does doubling the resistance have on the current?
- Doubles the current
- Does not affect the current
- Halves the current (correct)
- Quadruples the current
How does resistance change with the length of a conductor?
How does resistance change with the length of a conductor?
- Directly proportional to the length (correct)
- Proportional to the square of the length
- Inversely proportional to the length
- Has no relation to the length
What is the unit of electrical resistance?
What is the unit of electrical resistance?
What factors control the resistance of an object?
What factors control the resistance of an object?
According to Ohm's law, what is the relationship between voltage, current, and resistance?
According to Ohm's law, what is the relationship between voltage, current, and resistance?
What is the unit for the measurement of a material's ability to conduct current?
What is the unit for the measurement of a material's ability to conduct current?
What does G = 3 S mean?
What does G = 3 S mean?
What did Edison discover when he connected the filament battery and allowed the filament to heat?
What did Edison discover when he connected the filament battery and allowed the filament to heat?
What happens to the electrons boiled from the heated filament?
What happens to the electrons boiled from the heated filament?
Why did Edison do little with the discovery of electron flow across the gap between the filament and plate?
Why did Edison do little with the discovery of electron flow across the gap between the filament and plate?
What does the application of basic law 'unlike charges attract' refer to in the context of Edison's circuit?
What does the application of basic law 'unlike charges attract' refer to in the context of Edison's circuit?
In the context of electrolytes, which type of solution exhibits the strongest conductivity?
In the context of electrolytes, which type of solution exhibits the strongest conductivity?
What type of substances are able to conduct ionically and are known as electrolytes?
What type of substances are able to conduct ionically and are known as electrolytes?
When positive and negative electrodes are placed in an electrolyte, what naturally occurs?
When positive and negative electrodes are placed in an electrolyte, what naturally occurs?
What type of substances are most commonly known as electrolytes?
What type of substances are most commonly known as electrolytes?
In the context of conducting electricity through an ionic solution, what allows the ions to carry the electric current?
In the context of conducting electricity through an ionic solution, what allows the ions to carry the electric current?
In which order do these materials, in terms of conductivity, appear from best to worst?
In which order do these materials, in terms of conductivity, appear from best to worst?
What is the material most commonly used as a conductor?
What is the material most commonly used as a conductor?
What is the speed at which electricity reaches the other end of a conductor?
What is the speed at which electricity reaches the other end of a conductor?
In which way does electricity conduct through solids?
In which way does electricity conduct through solids?
What initiates a domino effect with electrons jumping from atom to atom in a solid conductor?
What initiates a domino effect with electrons jumping from atom to atom in a solid conductor?
Which of the following compounds is a weak electrolyte and a poor conductor of electricity?
Which of the following compounds is a weak electrolyte and a poor conductor of electricity?
What type of compounds dissociate completely into ions when dissolved in water, and thus have strong conductivity?
What type of compounds dissociate completely into ions when dissolved in water, and thus have strong conductivity?
Which material is characterized by atoms with a single valence electron very loosely bound to the atom, making it a commonly used conductor?
Which material is characterized by atoms with a single valence electron very loosely bound to the atom, making it a commonly used conductor?
Compounds that dissociate only partially in water are weak electrolytes and poor conductors of an electric current. Which of the following falls into this category?
Compounds that dissociate only partially in water are weak electrolytes and poor conductors of an electric current. Which of the following falls into this category?
Which compound dissociates into positively charged sodium and negatively charged chlorine ions in water, demonstrating strong conductivity?
Which compound dissociates into positively charged sodium and negatively charged chlorine ions in water, demonstrating strong conductivity?
What happens when ions reach the electrodes in a galvanic cell?
What happens when ions reach the electrodes in a galvanic cell?
What happens when a gas is ionized?
What happens when a gas is ionized?
What did Thomas Edison discover as he looked for ways to keep soot from clouding his incandescent light bulb?
What did Thomas Edison discover as he looked for ways to keep soot from clouding his incandescent light bulb?
What occurs across the gap of spark plugs in piston engines?
What occurs across the gap of spark plugs in piston engines?
In a galvanic cell, where do ions either give or receive electrons, contributing to the electron transfer of charge?
In a galvanic cell, where do ions either give or receive electrons, contributing to the electron transfer of charge?
Which materials in the triboelectric series are likely to produce the highest voltage when rubbed together?
Which materials in the triboelectric series are likely to produce the highest voltage when rubbed together?
What is the relationship between materials' position on the triboelectric series and their charge?
What is the relationship between materials' position on the triboelectric series and their charge?
How does the relative humidity affect electrostatic voltages based on the information provided?
How does the relative humidity affect electrostatic voltages based on the information provided?
According to the information provided, what is the main factor that determines the voltage levels generated when two materials are rubbed together?
According to the information provided, what is the main factor that determines the voltage levels generated when two materials are rubbed together?
Who first discovered the relationship between attracting or repelling charged bodies, as mentioned in the text?
Who first discovered the relationship between attracting or repelling charged bodies, as mentioned in the text?
What is the significance of carbon as a conductor compared to copper?
What is the significance of carbon as a conductor compared to copper?
What creates ions when current is passed through some liquids?
What creates ions when current is passed through some liquids?
In a liquid, what is ionized when current is passed through?
In a liquid, what is ionized when current is passed through?
In a galvanic cell, which direction do negatively charged ions move?
In a galvanic cell, which direction do negatively charged ions move?
What type of battery is commonly manufactured from lead and lead dioxide?
What type of battery is commonly manufactured from lead and lead dioxide?
According to the electron theory, in which direction does the current flow?
According to the electron theory, in which direction does the current flow?
What is the unit of current?
What is the unit of current?
If 1 C flows through a circuit each second, what is the current?
If 1 C flows through a circuit each second, what is the current?
What is the symbol for amperes?
What is the symbol for amperes?
According to the conventional current flow theory, in which direction does the current flow?
According to the conventional current flow theory, in which direction does the current flow?
What does 'I = 3 A' represent?
What does 'I = 3 A' represent?
What is the abbreviation for ampere?
What is the abbreviation for ampere?
What does the symbol 'I' represent in electrical circuits?
What does the symbol 'I' represent in electrical circuits?
In which direction does a current flow when connected between the terminals of a power source according to the electron theory?
In which direction does a current flow when connected between the terminals of a power source according to the electron theory?
'Electric current flow conventions' are based on which theory that describes how current flows?
'Electric current flow conventions' are based on which theory that describes how current flows?
Study Notes
Electrical Properties and Conduction
- Voltage between two bodies measures the potential difference between them.
- Doubling the resistance in a circuit with steady EMF halves the current.
- Resistance increases with the length of a conductor.
- The unit of electrical resistance is the ohm (Ω).
- Factors controlling resistance include the object's material, length, and cross-sectional area.
Ohm's Law and Conductivity
- Ohm's law states that voltage, current, and resistance are related by the equation V = IR.
- The unit of a material's ability to conduct current is the siemens (S).
- G = 3 S means that the material's conductivity is 3 siemens.
Edison's Discovery and Electrolytes
- Edison discovered electron flow across the gap between the filament and plate when he connected the filament to a battery.
- The electrons boiled from the heated filament move towards the plate.
- Electrolytes are substances that can conduct ionically and include solutions like acid and bases.
- In an electrolyte, positive and negative electrodes naturally attract ions.
- Solutions exhibiting the strongest conductivity are typically acids and strong bases.
Conductivity and Ionization
- Ions carry electric current in an ionic solution.
- Substances like copper are commonly used as conductors due to their loose valence electrons.
- Electricity conducts through solids by a domino effect of electrons jumping from atom to atom.
- Compounds that dissociate completely into ions, like sodium chloride, have strong conductivity.
- Weak electrolytes, like sugar, dissociate only partially in water and are poor conductors.
Galvanic Cells and Electrostatics
- In a galvanic cell, ions give or receive electrons at the electrodes, contributing to the electron transfer of charge.
- When ions reach the electrodes, they either give or receive electrons.
- Ionization occurs when a gas is ionized.
- The triboelectric series determines the relative voltage generated when two materials are rubbed together.
- The main factor determining voltage levels is the relative humidity.
History and Theories
- Thomas Edison discovered the phenomenon of thermionic emission.
- The relationship between attracting or repelling charged bodies was first discovered by Charles Coulomb.
- According to the electron theory, current flows from negative to positive.
- The conventional current flow theory describes current flowing from positive to negative.
- Electric current flow conventions are based on the conventional current flow theory.
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Test your knowledge about Thomas Edison's discovery of electrical current flowing across a gap between a filament and a plate. Explore the details about how Edison reasoned the presence of electrical current in the circuit.
