56 Questions
Which of the following is NOT a major electrolyte?
Phosphorus (PO4)
Which of the following is a symptom of hyponatremia?
Muscle weakness
Which of the following is the normal range for serum potassium (K+) level?
3.5-5.0 mEq/L
Which of the following is NOT an electrolyte?
Protein
Which fluid compartment contains fluid within a cell?
Intracellular fluid
What is the normal range for chloride levels in the blood?
95-105 mEq/L
Why is maintaining homeostasis important for the body?
All of the above
Which of the following is a characteristic of severely dehydrated patients?
Soft eyeballs and sunken eyes
Which of the following is a sign of excess fluid volume?
Puffy eyelids
Which of the following is a characteristic of pitting edema?
Pitting depression remains in the tissue after pressure is applied with a fingertip (4+ point scale)
Which of the following is the second most abundant electrolyte to potassium (K+)?
Magnesium (Mg2+)
What is the primary function of magnesium in the body?
All of the above
Which hormone controls the rate of magnesium excretion through the kidneys?
Parathyroid hormone
What is the process by which water and solutes move across a membrane from an area of high pressure to an area of low pressure?
Filtration
Which electrolyte is the most abundant in extracellular fluid?
Sodium
Which electrolyte is mainly found in the intracellular fluid?
Potassium
Which electrolyte is responsible for regulating osmotic pressure between fluid compartments and helps in regulating acid-base balance?
Chloride
Which electrolyte is mainly concentrated in the bones and teeth, and plays a role in promoting transmission of nerve impulses, regulating muscle contraction and relaxation, and clotting?
Calcium
Which organ triggers the sensation of thirst in response to increased plasma osmolality?
Hypothalamus
What is the usual volume of urine in a healthy adult?
Between 1 and 2 L/day
What are the primary routes of fluid loss from the body?
Skin, kidneys, lungs, GI tract
What is the recommended fluid requirement for older adults based on ideal body weight?
25 ml/kg for ages 65 and older
Which of the following is responsible for maintaining the osmolality of intracellular fluid (ICF)?
K+
Which of the following is NOT a main regulator of fluid balance adjustments?
Thirst center
Which of the following is the primary function of the nephron?
Filtration
Which hormone is responsible for increasing the reabsorption of sodium and decreasing the reabsorption of potassium in the kidney tubules?
Aldosterone
Which of the following is the normal range for serum sodium (Na+) level?
135-145 mEq/L
Which of the following electrolytes is responsible for regulating muscle contraction and relaxation, and plays a role in promoting transmission of nerve impulses?
Calcium (Ca++)
Which of the following is a symptom of hypercalcemia?
Confusion
Which of the following is NOT a cause of hypokalemia?
Excessive potassium intake
Which electrolyte is responsible for the metabolism of carbohydrates and proteins, storage and use of intracellular energy, and neural transmission?
Magnesium
What is the primary function of the sodium pump?
To transport sodium out of the cell
What is the process by which water and solutes move across a membrane from an area of lower concentration to an area of higher concentration?
Active transport
What is the primary function of the nephron?
To filter plasma through the kidneys
Which of the following is a characteristic of fluid imbalances in the elderly?
Confusion and falls
What is the primary cause of cellular dehydration in older adults?
Reduced sense of thirst
Which of the following is a possible cause of acute fluid deficits in older adults?
Trauma
What is the recommended fluid requirement for older adults based on ideal body weight?
25 ml/kg for ages 65 and older
Which of the following is responsible for maintaining the osmolality of extracellular fluid (ECF)?
Na+
Which of the following is NOT a hormone that affects fluid volume?
ANF
Which of the following is the primary function of the glomerulus in the nephron?
Filtration
Which of the following hormones is responsible for increasing the reabsorption of water in the kidney tubules?
ADH
Which of the following is NOT an electrolyte?
Urea
What is the primary function of magnesium in the body?
Promoting transmission of nerve impulses
Which fluid compartment contains fluid outside the cell?
Interstitial fluid
What is the normal range for chloride levels in the blood?
95-105 mEq/L
Which of the following is the primary electrolyte responsible for regulating body fluid volumes, muscular activity, nerve impulse conduction, and acid-base balance?
Sodium
Which of the following electrolytes is primarily found in the intracellular fluid and is essential for normal membrane excitability and transmitting nerve impulses?
Potassium
Which of the following electrolytes is responsible for regulating osmotic pressure between fluid compartments and helps in regulating acid-base balance?
Chloride
Which of the following electrolytes is mainly concentrated in the bones and teeth, and plays a role in promoting transmission of nerve impulses, regulating muscle contraction and relaxation, and clotting?
Calcium
Which of the following skin characteristics is indicative of severe fluid volume deficit?
Pale, cool, clammy skin
Which of the following is a characteristic of excess fluid volume?
Puffy eyelids
What is the term used to describe the condition where the skin remains depressed after pressure is applied with a fingertip?
Pitting
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of severe dehydration?
Fuller cheeks
What is the term used to describe the process of pinching the skin over the sternum, inner aspects of the thighs, and forehead to assess skin turgor?
Pinch test
Which of the following is a characteristic of sodium excess?
Red and swollen tongue
Quiz: Understanding Thirst Regulation and Fluid Intake Test your knowledge about the regulation of fluid intake and the sensation of thirst. Learn about the role of osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus, how dehydration stimulates thirst, and how the body conserves water. Explore the important relationship between sodium levels and thirst.
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