Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which historical event provided the etymological basis for the term 'Third World'?
Which historical event provided the etymological basis for the term 'Third World'?
- The French Revolution, referencing the 'Third Estate' (correct)
- The Opium Wars in China
- The American Civil War
- The Bolshevik Revolution in Russia
What was a primary goal of the 'Third World' countries' adoption of the term and movement?
What was a primary goal of the 'Third World' countries' adoption of the term and movement?
- To isolate themselves from global trade and focus on self-sufficiency
- To establish military alliances against former colonial powers
- To promote a unified cultural identity distinct from Western and Eastern cultures
- To improve their position in world trade while remaining non-aligned during the Cold War (correct)
What common challenge did former colonial territories face upon entering the 'global south' or 'third world'?
What common challenge did former colonial territories face upon entering the 'global south' or 'third world'?
- Lack of natural resources
- Geographic isolation from major trading routes
- Similar colonial legacies hindering trade, economic development, and social equality (correct)
- Absence of a shared language
During the Cold War era, how did the 'Third World' differ from the 'First' and 'Second' Worlds?
During the Cold War era, how did the 'Third World' differ from the 'First' and 'Second' Worlds?
What does the emergence of former colonial territories as a political and economic meta-region signify?
What does the emergence of former colonial territories as a political and economic meta-region signify?
In the context of global politics and economics, what distinguishes the 'Third World' from the 'First' and 'Second' Worlds?
In the context of global politics and economics, what distinguishes the 'Third World' from the 'First' and 'Second' Worlds?
How did the Non-Aligned Movement contribute to the identity and goals of the 'Third World'?
How did the Non-Aligned Movement contribute to the identity and goals of the 'Third World'?
What is the primary factor that explains geographic differences in economic production and world trade position?
What is the primary factor that explains geographic differences in economic production and world trade position?
How did core countries contribute to the economic specialization of peripheral countries?
How did core countries contribute to the economic specialization of peripheral countries?
Which of the following is a direct consequence of the expansion of European capitalism?
Which of the following is a direct consequence of the expansion of European capitalism?
What was a typical outcome for countries in the economic periphery due to colonial domination?
What was a typical outcome for countries in the economic periphery due to colonial domination?
What role did colonialism play in the economic development of peripheral countries?
What role did colonialism play in the economic development of peripheral countries?
How does understanding the historical incorporation of regions into the world-system aid in explaining current global issues?
How does understanding the historical incorporation of regions into the world-system aid in explaining current global issues?
What characterizes the relationship between core and periphery countries in the world-system?
What characterizes the relationship between core and periphery countries in the world-system?
In the context of the global North/South economic divide, what is a distinguishing feature of 'core' countries?
In the context of the global North/South economic divide, what is a distinguishing feature of 'core' countries?
Which outcome is least likely for a country incorporated into the global economy during the era of European empires?
Which outcome is least likely for a country incorporated into the global economy during the era of European empires?
During the era of late incorporation (1870-1945), what primary economic factor drove dominant powers like England and France to seek new territories and markets?
During the era of late incorporation (1870-1945), what primary economic factor drove dominant powers like England and France to seek new territories and markets?
How did advancements in transportation technology, such as steam engines and the construction of the Suez and Panama Canals, contribute to colonial expansion during the late industrial period?
How did advancements in transportation technology, such as steam engines and the construction of the Suez and Panama Canals, contribute to colonial expansion during the late industrial period?
In peasant-based colonies during the late incorporation, how were small farmers often coerced into producing new crops for export?
In peasant-based colonies during the late incorporation, how were small farmers often coerced into producing new crops for export?
Which of the following best describes the economic impact of late incorporation under monopoly capitalism on colonized regions?
Which of the following best describes the economic impact of late incorporation under monopoly capitalism on colonized regions?
How did the policies of colonial powers regarding ethnic groups contribute to political instability in indirectly ruled colonies?
How did the policies of colonial powers regarding ethnic groups contribute to political instability in indirectly ruled colonies?
Which of the following regions experienced significant demographic shifts due to large numbers of European settlers during the mercantile phase?
Which of the following regions experienced significant demographic shifts due to large numbers of European settlers during the mercantile phase?
During the transitional phase marked by the rise of industrial capitalism, which geographical shift in dominant powers occurred?
During the transitional phase marked by the rise of industrial capitalism, which geographical shift in dominant powers occurred?
What was a primary economic characteristic of territories during the early industrial phase?
What was a primary economic characteristic of territories during the early industrial phase?
Which of the following best describes the political legacy of the mercantile phase in many newly independent nations?
Which of the following best describes the political legacy of the mercantile phase in many newly independent nations?
What was a significant environmental consequence in territories incorporated during the early Industrial Phase?
What was a significant environmental consequence in territories incorporated during the early Industrial Phase?
How did the mercantile phase impact indigenous populations socially, economically, and spatially?
How did the mercantile phase impact indigenous populations socially, economically, and spatially?
What characterized land ownership patterns during the mercantile phase?
What characterized land ownership patterns during the mercantile phase?
During the early industrial phase, what infrastructural development primarily served?
During the early industrial phase, what infrastructural development primarily served?
How did colonial education systems during the early industrial phase impact local cultures?
How did colonial education systems during the early industrial phase impact local cultures?
What was the effect of the profits during the transitional phase with the rise of industrial capitalism?
What was the effect of the profits during the transitional phase with the rise of industrial capitalism?
What is the primary historical process associated with the formation of the modern world political-economic system?
What is the primary historical process associated with the formation of the modern world political-economic system?
How did European colonization primarily influence the formation of the world-system?
How did European colonization primarily influence the formation of the world-system?
What is the 'global south' or 'third world' primarily defined by?
What is the 'global south' or 'third world' primarily defined by?
Which of the following is a common challenge faced by countries in the 'global south' as a result of their colonial past?
Which of the following is a common challenge faced by countries in the 'global south' as a result of their colonial past?
If a country was colonized in the 19th century, which of the following is a likely long-term effect based on the information provided?
If a country was colonized in the 19th century, which of the following is a likely long-term effect based on the information provided?
What broad historical trend does the emergence of the 'global south' as a distinct meta-region signify?
What broad historical trend does the emergence of the 'global south' as a distinct meta-region signify?
Considering the historical context, what is the role of capitalism in shaping the modern global political-economic system described?
Considering the historical context, what is the role of capitalism in shaping the modern global political-economic system described?
If a contemporary developing nation is experiencing trade imbalances and economic instability, how might its colonial history be relevant?
If a contemporary developing nation is experiencing trade imbalances and economic instability, how might its colonial history be relevant?
Which scenario exemplifies how a legacy of colonialism could affect a nation's development today?
Which scenario exemplifies how a legacy of colonialism could affect a nation's development today?
Considering the concept of a world political-economic system, how do historical events like colonialism continue to shape current global dynamics?
Considering the concept of a world political-economic system, how do historical events like colonialism continue to shape current global dynamics?
Flashcards
Global South
Global South
A political and economic meta-region of former colonial territories.
Third World
Third World
Term for countries historically exploited but seeking improvement post-colonialism.
Colonial Legacies
Colonial Legacies
Historical impacts of colonialism on trade and social equality.
Non-Aligned Movement
Non-Aligned Movement
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Etymology of 'Third World'
Etymology of 'Third World'
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Exploitation in Colonies
Exploitation in Colonies
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Cold War Context
Cold War Context
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Late Modern Capitalism
Late Modern Capitalism
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Scramble for Africa
Scramble for Africa
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Colonial Triad
Colonial Triad
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Displacement of Indigenous Populations
Displacement of Indigenous Populations
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Environmental Degradation
Environmental Degradation
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Core Countries
Core Countries
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Economic Periphery
Economic Periphery
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Wealth Distribution
Wealth Distribution
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Political Conflict
Political Conflict
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Colonial Domination
Colonial Domination
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Economic Specialization
Economic Specialization
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Industrialization
Industrialization
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Economic Diversification
Economic Diversification
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Structural Origins
Structural Origins
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European Colonization
European Colonization
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Political and Economic Meta-Region
Political and Economic Meta-Region
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Colonial Legacy
Colonial Legacy
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World Political-Economic System
World Political-Economic System
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Mid-18th Century Capitalism
Mid-18th Century Capitalism
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Obstacles to Trade
Obstacles to Trade
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Economic Development
Economic Development
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Social Equality Challenges
Social Equality Challenges
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Mercantile Phase
Mercantile Phase
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Demographic Impact
Demographic Impact
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Hacienda System
Hacienda System
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Latifundia
Latifundia
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Political Control
Political Control
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Plantation Production
Plantation Production
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Colonial Education
Colonial Education
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Dependency on Europe
Dependency on Europe
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Social Stratification
Social Stratification
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Early Industrial Phase
Early Industrial Phase
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Study Notes
Global Divides: Colonialism and the Modern World-System
- The expansion of European colonialism and capitalism created an economically interconnected world system divided into core countries, which dominated trade and controlled territories in the economic periphery
- Core countries enforced narrow economic specialization on the periphery, limiting industrialization and economic diversification
- Former colonial territories formed a political and economic meta-region (global south, third world)
- These regions faced similar colonial legacies as obstacles to trade, economic development, and social equality
Origins of World Meta-Regions
- East versus West (ancient but still relevant)
- Global North vs. Global South
- Developed vs. developing, industrial vs. industrializing countries
- These divisions have roots in European colonial expansion from 16th to 18th centuries
- First World vs. Third World terminology originated during the Cold War
The Colonial Division of Production
- Colonized territories were forced to specialize in producing and exporting a limited range of raw materials/products
- These commodities were in high demand in Europe, but could not be efficiently produced there (e.g., tropical commodities)
- Some colonies had specific commodities for which they had a comparative production advantage
- This left a legacy of primary commodity export dependency
Political Origins of the Term "Third World"
- The term "Third World" originated from the French term "Tiers État"
- It referred to countries with a history of exploitation, often former colonies, seeking a future beyond exploitation
- They wanted improvements in their position in world trade, but avoided taking sides in the Cold War (US/Western/Capitalist bloc vs. USSR/Eastern/Communist bloc)
European Empires and Colonial Incorporation
- Understanding how regions, territories, people, and places became part of the modern global economy helps explain: economic production, wealth distribution, political conflicts, and demographic structures
- European colonization was a major factor in the formation of the modern world system, though its impact varied across regions
World Political-Economic System
- The modern world political-economic system emerged with 18th-century European capitalism expansion
- Colonial rule reveals insights into various aspects of the world: production, trade patterns, land distribution, inequality, obstacles to development, and power dynamics
World Wealth (1500, 1900)
- Historical maps display wealth distribution across the globe in the years 1500 and 1900
- The maps visually show the wealth disparities and colonial empires that existed across the world in that period
Phases of Colonialism
- Early Modern (Mercantile): (1500-1770) involved accumulation of wealth through land and extensive control (spices, Asian textiles) and dominant powers were Spain, Portugal and Netherlands
- Transitional (Early Industrial): (1770-1870) moved towards exploitation of labor, competition among trade companies, and a shift to Northwestern European powers. The rise of the US hegemony is prominent here
- Late Modern (Late Industrial): (1870-1945) involved investment-driven accumulation of wealth through companies. Steam engines, railroads, Suez Canal, and Panama Canal facilitated expansions
Legacies of Colonialism
- Disrupted pre-existing social structures
- Increased economic vulnerability of producers
- Altered resource uses, intensive environmental impacts
- Created economic obstacles to post-independence development
- Imposed/redrew borders, imposed European political institutions
- Created deep inequalities, fueling Cold War conflicts in the 20th century
Why Europe became Economically Dominant
- In 1400, Asia was more advanced than Europe
- By 1900, Europe and the US accounted for a vast majority of global GDP, while Asia's share declined
- There have been shifts back to a more multi-polar world, with Asia rising again
Driving Forces Behind European Dominance
- Plague, changes in social structure (increased labor scarcity, wages, private property, and literacy among commoners)
- Weak European states compared to Asian empires, increased wealth from the enclosures and colonial profits
- Consolidation of Europe as an imagined political community
- Well-timed technological innovations (e.g., steam engine, textile mill), accessible energy (coal), naval supremacy
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Description
Explore the origins of the term 'Third World' and its historical context. Understand its contrast to the 'First' and 'Second' Worlds during the Cold War. Examine the post-colonial challenges and the role of the Non-Aligned Movement.