Thinking and Reasoning in Prediction

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Questions and Answers

What is thinking sometimes based on?

Maps and scientific data

Facts or evidence (correct)

Crystal balls or fortune tellers

Instinct or gut feeling (correct)

What is one way to describe thinking?

A mental process of strengthening stimulus and response

A reasonable working of various views (correct)

A symbolic representation of events

A process of remembering something

What is involved in the thinking process?

Abstraction, logic, and problem-solving (correct)

Instinct, imagination, and reason

Evidence, research, and data

Memory, environment, and symbols

What is the first stage of understanding?

Analysis of the characteristics of similar objects Signup and view all the answers

What is thinking a process of?

Strengthening the relationship between stimulus and response Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of abstraction in comparison?

To focus on non-essential traits Signup and view all the answers

What is involved in the formation of understanding?

Three stages Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of comparison?

To identify similarities and differences Signup and view all the answers

What is thinking a symbolic representation of?

Some event or train of ideas Signup and view all the answers

What is an affirmative opinion?

An opinion that declares the presence of something Signup and view all the answers

What is thinking a mental process of?

Forming new representations through interaction Signup and view all the answers

What is a negative opinion?

An opinion that declares the absence of something Signup and view all the answers

What is a modalities opinion?

An opinion that expresses possibility Signup and view all the answers

What is the basic structure of a sentence expressing an opinion?

Subject and predicate Signup and view all the answers

What are opinions based on?

Personal feelings and thoughts Signup and view all the answers

What is an important characteristic of critical thinkers?

They are willing to abandon or modify their judgments Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of Socratic questioning?

To deeply probe the meaning of a claim Signup and view all the answers

What happens when critical thinkers master a new skill or experience an insight?

They transfer the information to new contexts Signup and view all the answers

What do noncritical thinkers often struggle with?

Transferring knowledge to new situations Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of making predictions while reading?

To anticipate what comes next Signup and view all the answers

What helps students make connections between their prior knowledge and the text?

Making predictions Signup and view all the answers

Why might students be more comfortable making predictions about fiction than nonfiction?

Fiction is more commonly used in early reading instruction Signup and view all the answers

What can an individual rely on to solve a problem or create a solution?

Long-term memory or experience Signup and view all the answers

What is emotional thinking concerned with?

The ways we define what we believe to be true Signup and view all the answers

According to Daniel Goleman, what is emotional intelligence?

A set of competencies that determine emotional aptitude Signup and view all the answers

What does emotional thinking demand that we tune into?

Our intuitive ways of absorbing information Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of tuning into our emotional ways of knowing?

To increase the possibility of making good professional decisions Signup and view all the answers

What is emotional aptitude according to Daniel Goleman?

A meta-ability that determines how well we can use other skills Signup and view all the answers

What determines whether one person thrives in life while another dead-ends?

Emotional aptitude Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between emotional aptitude and other skills?

Emotional aptitude determines how well we can use other skills, including raw intellect Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important for teachers to include time for instruction, modeling, and practice when teaching students to read informational text?

Because it helps students develop proficiency with predicting Signup and view all the answers

What is a common connection between predicting in reading and predicting in science?

Both involve making predictions based on evidence Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between a prediction and a hypothesis?

A hypothesis is a specific type of prediction made when designing and conducting an investigation Signup and view all the answers

Why do teachers need to be cognizant of how they use the terms prediction and hypothesis?

So teachers can use the terms correctly during science instruction Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of a prediction in science?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

How should teachers help students develop proficiency with predicting?

By making connections between predicting in reading and predicting in science Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of a hypothesis?

If the amount of water is increased, a plant's growth will increase Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important for teachers to make sure students have sufficient background knowledge before reading informational text?

So students can make predictions about the text Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Thinking and Prediction

Thinking is the process of human reason that strengthens the relationship between stimulus and response.
It involves the reasonable working of various views with prior knowledge to form new knowledge.
Thinking can be interpreted as remembering something and questioning its relationship to intended outcomes.
It involves mentally processing information, rearranging data from the environment, and storing symbols in memory.

Thinking Process

The thinking process involves understanding, opinion formation, and abstraction.
Understanding involves three stages: analysis of characteristics, comparison of features, and abstraction of essential traits.
Opinion formation involves forming relationships between terms, resulting in affirmative, negative, or modal opinion statements.

Critical Thinking

Critical thinkers engage in active questioning, challenging existing facts and opinions, and welcoming questions in return.
They listen actively, modify judgments based on new information, and apply knowledge to new situations.

Making Predictions and Reasoning

Making predictions involves using text information and personal experiences to anticipate what comes next.
This strategy helps students make connections between prior knowledge and the text.
Predicting is also used in science, where a prediction is made about the outcome of a future event based on evidence.

Emotions and Critical Thinking

Emotional thinking considers the intuitive ways we define what we believe to be true.
It involves recognizing the role of human emotions in communication, decision-making, problem-solving, and overall life.
Emotional aptitude is crucial in determining how well we can use our skills, including raw intellect.

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Description

This quiz explores the concept of thinking and reasoning through examples of prediction, including fortune telling and weather forecasting, highlighting the role of evidence and instinct in decision-making.