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Questions and Answers
What is the primary purpose of ultimate analysis of a solid fuel?
What is the significance of the chemical equation representing the combustion process?
What is the purpose of calculating the air-fuel ratio (AF) and fuel-air ratio (FA) in a combustion process?
What is the primary assumption in the first law of reacting systems?
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What is the significance of the stoichiometric coefficients in a combustion reaction?
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What is the primary purpose of combustion process optimization?
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What is the significance of the energy rate balance in a combustion process?
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What is the primary difference between a solid fuel and a liquid fuel?
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What is the purpose of calculating the adiabatic flame temperature in a combustion process?
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What is the significance of the first law of reacting systems in a combustion process?
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Study Notes
Combustion Process
- Combustion process involves oxidation of fuel constituents, represented by a chemical equation.
- Mass of each element remains the same during combustion.
Air-Fuel Ratio
- Theoretical air-fuel ratio can be calculated on a mass and mole basis.
- Air-fuel ratio (AF) and fuel-air ratio (FA) are important parameters to express the ratio of fuel and air.
- AF and FA are reciprocals of each other.
Stoichiometric Air
- Stoichiometric air is the theoretical amount of air required for combustion.
- Stoichiometric air can be calculated using the balance of atoms.
Excess Air and Deficiency of Air
- Excess air is the amount of air above the stoichiometric air, expressed as a percentage.
- Deficiency of air is the amount of air below the stoichiometric air.
Classification of Fuels
- Fuels can be classified into solid, liquid, and gaseous forms.
- Solid fuels (e.g. coal) consist of moisture, volatile matter, fixed carbon, and ash.
- Liquid fuels (e.g. gasoline, diesel) are mixtures of many different hydrocarbons.
- Gaseous fuels (e.g. natural gas, coal gas) are mainly composed of methane and hydrogen.
Ultimate Analysis
- Ultimate analysis is a method of expressing the composition of a fuel on a dry basis.
- It specifies the relative amounts of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and other elements in a fuel.
Combustion Reactions
- Combustion reactions involve the reaction of fuel with oxygen to form products such as carbon dioxide and water.
- The amount of oxygen required for combustion can be calculated based on the stoichiometric coefficients.
Sample Problems
- Sample problems involve calculating heat transfer, air-fuel ratio, and composition of products for different combustion reactions.
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Description
Practice solving thermodynamics problems involving heat transfer, combustion, and energy calculations. Sample problems and solutions are provided.
