Thermodynamics Quiz

Study Notes

Laws of Thermodynamics

Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics: If two systems are in thermal equilibrium with a third system, then they are also in thermal equilibrium with each other.
First Law of Thermodynamics (Conservation of Energy): Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only converted from one form to another. ΔE = Q - W, where ΔE is the change in energy, Q is the heat added, and W is the work done.
Second Law of Thermodynamics: The total entropy of an isolated system always increases over time. Entropy (S) is a measure of disorder or randomness. ΔS = ΔQ / T, where ΔS is the change in entropy, ΔQ is the heat added, and T is the temperature.
Third Law of Thermodynamics: As the temperature of a system approaches absolute zero, the entropy of the system approaches a minimum value.

Thermodynamic Systems

Closed System: A system that does not exchange matter with its surroundings, but can exchange energy.
Open System: A system that exchanges both matter and energy with its surroundings.
Isolated System: A system that does not exchange matter or energy with its surroundings.
Thermodynamic Equilibrium: A state in which the temperature is uniform throughout the system and there are no net heat transfer or work interactions.

Energy Conversion

Energy Types:
- Kinetic Energy: Energy of motion.
- Potential Energy: Energy of position or stored energy.
- Thermal Energy: Energy of heat.
- Electrical Energy: Energy of moving charges.
- Chemical Energy: Energy stored in chemical bonds.
Energy Conversion Efficiency: The ratio of useful energy output to total energy input. η = Wout / Win, where η is the efficiency, Wout is the useful work output, and Win is the total energy input.

Heat Transfer

Heat Transfer Modes:
- Conduction: Direct heat transfer between particles in physical contact.
- Convection: Heat transfer through fluid motion.
- Radiation: Heat transfer through electromagnetic waves.
Heat Transfer Laws:
- Fourier's Law of Heat Conduction: Heat transfer rate is proportional to the temperature gradient and the cross-sectional area.
- Newton's Law of Cooling: Heat transfer rate is proportional to the temperature difference between the system and its surroundings.
- Stefan-Boltzmann Law: Heat transfer rate is proportional to the fourth power of the temperature.

Description

Test your knowledge of thermodynamics, including laws of thermodynamics, thermodynamic systems, energy conversion, and heat transfer. Learn about zeroth, first, second, and third laws, energy types, heat transfer modes, and laws.