Thermodynamics Principles Quiz

State functions in thermodynamics are properties that depend only on the current state of the system, such as temperature (T), pressure (P), volume (V), energy (E), enthalpy (H), and entropy (S). These properties do not depend on the path taken to reach that state.

Extensive properties in thermodynamics depend on the quantity of matter present, and include mass, volume, heat capacity, enthalpy, and entropy. Intensive properties do not depend on the quantity of matter and are specific to the nature of the substance, such as temperature (T), pressure (P), density, refractive index, and viscosity.

Internal energy (U) in thermodynamics is the total energy within a system, including its potential, kinetic, and chemical energies. It is a state function and an extensive property. Changes in internal energy (\Delta U) can indicate whether energy is released or absorbed during a process.

<p>The First Law of Thermodynamics states that energy can neither be created nor destroyed, but can be converted from one form to another. Mathematically, it is represented as $U = q + w$, where U is the internal energy, q is the heat transferred, and w is the work done on or by the system.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Heat (q) in thermodynamics is a form of energy that is exchanged between a system and its surroundings due to a temperature difference. It is measured in joules (J) or calories (1 calorie = 4.18 J). Heat is related to temperature, as the transfer of heat occurs due to differences in temperature between the system and its surroundings.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Matter contains protons and electrons, with the positive charge on a proton being equal to the negative charge on an electron. The relative number of protons and electrons determines whether a body exhibits electricity. If the number of protons equals the number of electrons, the body is electrically neutral. Removal of electrons results in a positive charge, while supplying electrons results in a negative charge.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The unit of charge is the coulomb, abbreviated as C. The charge on an electron is too small to be convenient, so the coulomb is used as the practical unit of charge. One coulomb of charge is equal to the charge on 625 × 10^16 electrons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Electric current is the directed flow of free electrons or charge. The flow of electric current is caused by the directed movement of free electrons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>When electrons are removed from a neutral body, there is a deficit of electrons, resulting in the body attaining a positive charge.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Electric current is the directed flow of free electrons or charge. The concept of electric current can be explained by referring to Fig. 1.1.</p> Signup and view all the answers