Thermodynamics Overview Quiz

Thermodynamics

• Thermodynamics is the study of the interconversion between heat energy and mechanical energy.
• Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics: This law defines thermal equilibrium. Heat transfer only occurs between bodies in thermal equilibrium.

First Law of Thermodynamics

• Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed.
• The total energy of an isolated system remains constant.
• The change in internal energy of a system equals the difference between the heat supplied and work done by the system. ( ΔU = Q - W )

Internal Energy

• Internal energy is the sum of the kinetic and potential energies of the molecules in a system.
• For an ideal gas, internal energy is directly proportional to temperature.

Applications

• Isobaric process: Constant pressure.
• Isochoric process: Constant volume.
• Isothermal process: Constant temperature.
• Isobaric process: constant pressure (ΔW = PΔV)
• Isochoric process: constant volume (ΔW = 0)
• Isothermal process: constant temperature (ΔU = 0)
• Adiabatic process: No heat transfer (ΔQ = 0)

Heat Capacity and Specific Heat Capacity

• Heat capacity: The amount of heat required to raise the temperature of a body by one unit.
• Specific heat capacity: The amount of heat required to raise the temperature of one unit mass of a body by one unit.

Latent Heat

• Amount of heat required to change the state of a body at constant temperature.
• Latent heat of fusion: The heat required for solid to liquid phase change
• Latent heat of vaporization: The heat required for liquid to gas phase change

Molar Specific Heat Capacity

• Amount of heat required to raise the temperature of one mole of a substance by one degree.
• At constant volume (Cv) and constant pressure (Cp).

Important MCQs

• Heat is added to a mixture of ice and water, the temperature remains the same while melting.
• Heat capacity per unit mass is called specific heat.
• Internal energy depends on the state, not the path taken.
• Adiabatic process has no heat transfer.
• Work done and change in internal energy are related by the First Law of Thermodynamics.
• Mechanical equivalent of heat is measured in Joules/Calories.
• A change in volume and work done by a piston are connected.

Test your understanding of key concepts in thermodynamics, including the laws and definitions associated with energy transfer. This quiz covers the Zeroth Law, First Law, internal energy, and various thermodynamic processes. Perfect for students studying thermodynamics in physics or engineering.