Thermodynamics Overview

Thermodynamics

• Thermodynamics is the study of how energy is transferred and transformed in physical systems.
• The word "Thermodynamics" comes from the Greek words "therme" (heat) and "dynamis" (power).

Thermodynamic Parameters

• Pressure (P) is the force exerted per unit area.
• Volume (V) is the amount of space occupied by a substance.
• Temperature (T) is a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in a system.

Thermodynamic Formulae

• The formula for the work done by a gas is W = PΔV, where W is work, P is pressure, and ΔV is the change in volume.
• The first law of thermodynamics states that ΔU = Q + W, where ΔU is the change in internal energy, Q is the heat added to the system, and W is the work done by the system.

Example Calculation

• Given: Q = 13 kJ (heat added), W = 5 kJ (work done)
• Find: ΔU (change in internal energy)
• Solution: Using the first law of thermodynamics (ΔU = Q + W), we have ΔU = 13 kJ + 5 kJ = 18 kJ.