Thermodynamics Module 10: Energy Balances
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Questions and Answers

What is the unit of work in the thermodynamic system?

  • Watt
  • Pascal
  • Joule (correct)
  • Newton

    • What is the difference between work done by the gas and work done on the gas?

  • Work done by the gas is negative, work done on the gas is positive
  • Work done by the gas is always negative, work done on the gas is always positive
  • Work done by the gas is positive, work done on the gas is negative (correct)
  • Work done by the gas is always positive, work done on the gas is always negative

    • What is the driving force for the transfer of energy as heat?

  • Temperature (correct)
  • Volume
  • Pressure
  • Energy

    • What is the microscopic scale of thermodynamics concerned with?

    <p>Type and amount of atoms, dipole moment/charges, bonds, orbitals occupied, molecular/atomic movements, atomic energies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between thermodynamics and quantum mechanics?

    <p>Thermodynamics deals with macroscopic properties, while quantum mechanics deals with microscopic properties</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the First Law of Thermodynamics apply to?

    <p>Closed systems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the unit of energy in the International System of Units (SI)?

    <p>Joule (J)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between heat and temperature difference?

    <p>Heat is energy transferred due to a temperature difference</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the unit of power in the International System of Units (SI)?

    <p>Watt (W)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the type of energy associated with an object's velocity?

    <p>Kinetic energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula for potential energy (PE)?

    <p>PE = mgz</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the type of system where neither energy nor mass can cross the system boundaries?

    <p>Isolated system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the average or homogeneous properties of a system at equilibrium?

    <p>Intensive properties</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between the change in kinetic energy (ΔKE) and the change in potential energy (ΔPE) in a mechanical energy balance?

    <p>ΔKE + ΔPE = 0</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Thermodynamics

    • Thermodynamics is the science that deals with energy in the form of heat and work.
    • It governs the conversion of thermal energy to other, more useful forms.
    • Deals with macroscopic scale/properties, such as volume, amount, density, temperature, pressure, and bulk energies.

    Work

    • Work is performed whenever a force acts through a distance (Nm or Joule).
    • Mathematically represented as dW = Fdl or dW = PdV.
    • Work can be either negative (work done by the gas) or positive (work done on the gas).

    Heat

    • Heat always flows from a higher temperature to a lower one.
    • Temperature is the driving force for the transfer of energy as heat.
    • Heat is never regarded as being stored within a body.
    • Units of heat include Calories, British Thermal Units (BTU), and Joules.

    Energy

    • Energy is the ability to do work.
    • Units of energy include Joules, Calories, and BTU.
    • There are three kinds of energy: potential (PE), kinetic (KE), and internal (U).
    • There are two kinds of 'energy-in-transit': heat (Q) and work (W).

    Types of Energy

    • Kinetic Energy (KE): energy due to relative velocity.
    • Example: calculating the specific kinetic energy of water pumped from a storage tank.
    • Potential Energy (PE): energy due to relative position.
    • Example: calculating the increase in specific potential energy of water pumped from one reservoir to another.

    Mechanical Energy Balance

    • The energy balance equation is DEK = -DEP or DEK + DEP = 0.
    • Mathematically represented as mv²/2 + mgz = constant.

    System, Surroundings, and Boundary

    • A system is a quantity of matter or a region in space chosen for study.
    • The surroundings are the mass or region outside the system.
    • The boundary is a real or imaginary surface that separates the system from its surroundings.
    • There are three kinds of systems: closed, open, and isolated systems.

    Properties of a System

    • Properties are the average or homogeneous properties of a system at equilibrium.
    • There are two kinds of properties: intensive (independent of the quantity of material) and extensive (dependent on the quantity of material).

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    Description

    This quiz covers the basics of thermodynamics, including understanding thermodynamic processes, defining key concepts, and applying the First Law of Thermodynamics to energy balance in closed systems.

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