14 Questions
What is the unit of work in the thermodynamic system?
Joule
What is the difference between work done by the gas and work done on the gas?
Work done by the gas is positive, work done on the gas is negative
What is the driving force for the transfer of energy as heat?
Temperature
What is the microscopic scale of thermodynamics concerned with?
Type and amount of atoms, dipole moment/charges, bonds, orbitals occupied, molecular/atomic movements, atomic energies
What is the difference between thermodynamics and quantum mechanics?
Thermodynamics deals with macroscopic properties, while quantum mechanics deals with microscopic properties
What does the First Law of Thermodynamics apply to?
Closed systems
What is the unit of energy in the International System of Units (SI)?
Joule (J)
What is the relationship between heat and temperature difference?
Heat is energy transferred due to a temperature difference
What is the unit of power in the International System of Units (SI)?
Watt (W)
What is the type of energy associated with an object's velocity?
Kinetic energy
What is the formula for potential energy (PE)?
PE = mgz
What is the type of system where neither energy nor mass can cross the system boundaries?
Isolated system
What is the term for the average or homogeneous properties of a system at equilibrium?
Intensive properties
What is the relationship between the change in kinetic energy (ΔKE) and the change in potential energy (ΔPE) in a mechanical energy balance?
ΔKE + ΔPE = 0
Study Notes
Thermodynamics
- Thermodynamics is the science that deals with energy in the form of heat and work.
- It governs the conversion of thermal energy to other, more useful forms.
- Deals with macroscopic scale/properties, such as volume, amount, density, temperature, pressure, and bulk energies.
Work
- Work is performed whenever a force acts through a distance (Nm or Joule).
- Mathematically represented as dW = Fdl or dW = PdV.
- Work can be either negative (work done by the gas) or positive (work done on the gas).
Heat
- Heat always flows from a higher temperature to a lower one.
- Temperature is the driving force for the transfer of energy as heat.
- Heat is never regarded as being stored within a body.
- Units of heat include Calories, British Thermal Units (BTU), and Joules.
Energy
- Energy is the ability to do work.
- Units of energy include Joules, Calories, and BTU.
- There are three kinds of energy: potential (PE), kinetic (KE), and internal (U).
- There are two kinds of 'energy-in-transit': heat (Q) and work (W).
Types of Energy
- Kinetic Energy (KE): energy due to relative velocity.
- Example: calculating the specific kinetic energy of water pumped from a storage tank.
- Potential Energy (PE): energy due to relative position.
- Example: calculating the increase in specific potential energy of water pumped from one reservoir to another.
Mechanical Energy Balance
- The energy balance equation is DEK = -DEP or DEK + DEP = 0.
- Mathematically represented as mv²/2 + mgz = constant.
System, Surroundings, and Boundary
- A system is a quantity of matter or a region in space chosen for study.
- The surroundings are the mass or region outside the system.
- The boundary is a real or imaginary surface that separates the system from its surroundings.
- There are three kinds of systems: closed, open, and isolated systems.
Properties of a System
- Properties are the average or homogeneous properties of a system at equilibrium.
- There are two kinds of properties: intensive (independent of the quantity of material) and extensive (dependent on the quantity of material).
This quiz covers the basics of thermodynamics, including understanding thermodynamic processes, defining key concepts, and applying the First Law of Thermodynamics to energy balance in closed systems.
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