32 Questions
What is a saturated solution?
A solution that contains the maximum amount of a solute that will dissolve in a given solvent at a specific temperature
According to Raoult's law, the vapor pressure of a solution is:
Inversely proportional to the mole fraction of the solute
What defines an unsaturated solution?
Contains less solute than it has the capacity to dissolve
Which equation describes the relationship between changes in temperature, pressure, and concentration of solutions?
Gibbs–Duhem equation
What is a supersaturated solution?
A solution with more solute than is present in a saturated solution
What defines a solution as nonideal?
The vapor pressure deviates from Raoult's law at all concentrations
What is the term for two liquids that do not mix?
Immiscible
What is the equation for Raoult's Law?
P_solution = X_solvent * P_0_solvent
What effect does a nonvolatile solute have on the vapor pressure of a solvent?
Lowers the vapor pressure
In an ideal solution, what is the relationship between intermolecular forces?
Uniformity in intermolecular forces
What happens to the solvent vapor pressure in solutions that do not obey Raoult's law?
It increases beyond prediction
Which factor influences vapor pressure according to the text?
Mole fraction
In a closed container at constant temperature, what is established with respect to vapor pressure?
Equilibrium vapor pressure
What does Raoult's law state about the amount of change in vapor pressure?
Dependent on the amount of solute added (mole fraction)
What does a nonvolatile solute decrease in a solution?
Number of solvent molecules per unit volume
What happens when interactions between solute and solvent are exceptionally strong?
The solvent vapor pressure is lower than predicted by Raoult's law
What is the maximum amount of a solute that will dissolve in a given solvent at a specific temperature?
Saturated solution
What type of solution contains less solute than it has the capacity to dissolve?
Unsaturated solution
What does it mean when one substance mixes into another and completely disappears?
Dissolution
What type of solution contains more solute than is present in a saturated solution?
Supersaturated solution
In a closed container at constant temperature, what is established with respect to vapor pressure?
Raoult's law
What does a supersaturated solution contain more of compared to a saturated solution?
Solute
What is the effect of a nonvolatile solute on the vapor pressure of a solvent?
It decreases the vapor pressure of the solvent
What defines an unsaturated solution?
Less solute than required for saturation
What is the term for two liquids that do not mix?
Immiscible
What happens when interactions between solute and solvent are exceptionally strong?
The solvent vapor pressure decreases
What is a saturated solution?
A solution with maximum solute dissolved in it
In an ideal solution, what is the relationship between intermolecular forces?
They are uniform and equal between all molecules
What does Raoult's law state about the amount of change in vapor pressure?
It is dependent on the amount of solute added to the solution
What factor influences vapor pressure according to the text?
Temperature, surface area, and intermolecular forces
What does a supersaturated solution represent?
A solution with more dissolved solute than should be possible
What defines a solution as nonideal?
When it does not obey Raoult's law exactly
Test your understanding of the behavior of metallurgically important solutions, laws governing solution behavior, and types of solutions such as Raoult's law, Henry's law, and Sievert's law. This quiz covers activity, activity coefficient, chemical potential, and integral molar fraction.
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