Thermodynamics Metallurgy Chapter 3 Solutions

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Questions and Answers

What is a saturated solution?

  • A solution that contains less solute than it has the capacity to dissolve
  • A solution that contains more solute than is present in a saturated solution
  • A solution that contains the maximum amount of a solute that will dissolve in a given solvent at a specific temperature (correct)
  • A solution with no solute dissolved in the solvent

According to Raoult's law, the vapor pressure of a solution is:

  • Inversely proportional to the mole fraction of the solute (correct)
  • Directly proportional to the concentration of the solvent
  • Directly proportional to the mole fraction of the solute
  • Inversely proportional to the concentration of the solvent

What defines an unsaturated solution?

  • Contains more solute than is present in a saturated solution
  • Contains the maximum amount of a solute that will dissolve in a given solvent at a specific temperature
  • Contains less solute than it has the capacity to dissolve (correct)
  • Contains no solute dissolved in the solvent

Which equation describes the relationship between changes in temperature, pressure, and concentration of solutions?

<p>Gibbs–Duhem equation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a supersaturated solution?

<p>A solution with more solute than is present in a saturated solution (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What defines a solution as nonideal?

<p>The vapor pressure deviates from Raoult's law at all concentrations (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for two liquids that do not mix?

<p>Immiscible (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the equation for Raoult's Law?

<p>P_solution = X_solvent * P_0_solvent (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect does a nonvolatile solute have on the vapor pressure of a solvent?

<p>Lowers the vapor pressure (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In an ideal solution, what is the relationship between intermolecular forces?

<p>Uniformity in intermolecular forces (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the solvent vapor pressure in solutions that do not obey Raoult's law?

<p>It increases beyond prediction (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor influences vapor pressure according to the text?

<p>Mole fraction (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a closed container at constant temperature, what is established with respect to vapor pressure?

<p>Equilibrium vapor pressure (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Raoult's law state about the amount of change in vapor pressure?

<p>Dependent on the amount of solute added (mole fraction) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a nonvolatile solute decrease in a solution?

<p>Number of solvent molecules per unit volume (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens when interactions between solute and solvent are exceptionally strong?

<p>The solvent vapor pressure is lower than predicted by Raoult's law (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum amount of a solute that will dissolve in a given solvent at a specific temperature?

<p>Saturated solution (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of solution contains less solute than it has the capacity to dissolve?

<p>Unsaturated solution (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does it mean when one substance mixes into another and completely disappears?

<p>Dissolution (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of solution contains more solute than is present in a saturated solution?

<p>Supersaturated solution (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a closed container at constant temperature, what is established with respect to vapor pressure?

<p>Raoult's law (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a supersaturated solution contain more of compared to a saturated solution?

<p>Solute (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of a nonvolatile solute on the vapor pressure of a solvent?

<p>It decreases the vapor pressure of the solvent (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What defines an unsaturated solution?

<p>Less solute than required for saturation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for two liquids that do not mix?

<p>Immiscible (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens when interactions between solute and solvent are exceptionally strong?

<p>The solvent vapor pressure decreases (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a saturated solution?

<p>A solution with maximum solute dissolved in it (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In an ideal solution, what is the relationship between intermolecular forces?

<p>They are uniform and equal between all molecules (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Raoult's law state about the amount of change in vapor pressure?

<p>It is dependent on the amount of solute added to the solution (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What factor influences vapor pressure according to the text?

<p>Temperature, surface area, and intermolecular forces (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a supersaturated solution represent?

<p>A solution with more dissolved solute than should be possible (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What defines a solution as nonideal?

<p>When it does not obey Raoult's law exactly (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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