Thermodynamics: Isothermal Expansion and Energy Transfer
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Questions and Answers

What occurs during an isothermal expansion?

  • The temperature of the system changes.
  • The internal energy of the system decreases.
  • The internal energy of the system increases.
  • The internal energy of the system remains constant. (correct)

    • Which of the following is a type of energy transfer?

  • Conduction and radiation
  • Work and convection
  • Internal energy and temperature
  • Heat transfer and work (correct)

    • What is the equation for the work done by a system in an isothermal expansion?

  • W = nRT (V1 - V2)
  • W = nRT (V2 - V1)
  • W = nRT ln(V2/V1) (correct)
  • W = nR (V2 - V1)

    • What is the first law of thermodynamics?

    <p>Energy can only be converted from one form to another.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the equation for the change in internal energy of a system?

    <p>ΔE = Q - W</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many types of energy transfer are there?

    <p>Two</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Work and Internal Energy

    Isothermal Expansion

    • Isothermal expansion is a process where a system expands at a constant temperature.
    • In an isothermal expansion, the system absorbs heat from the surroundings and does work on the surroundings.
    • The internal energy (U) of the system remains constant, as the heat absorbed (Q) is equal to the work done (W) by the system:
      • ΔU = Q - W = 0
      • Q = W
    • The work done by the system is given by:
      • W = nRT ln(V2/V1)
      • where n is the number of moles of gas, R is the gas constant, T is the temperature, and V1 and V2 are the initial and final volumes, respectively.

    Energy Transfer

    • Energy transfer occurs when energy is transferred from one system to another.
    • There are two types of energy transfer:
      • Heat transfer (Q): energy transfer due to a temperature difference between the system and its surroundings.
      • Work (W): energy transfer due to a force applied to the system.
    • The first law of thermodynamics states that energy cannot be created or destroyed, only converted from one form to another:
      • ΔE = Q - W
      • where ΔE is the change in internal energy of the system.
    • Energy transfer can occur through various means, including:
      • Conduction: direct contact between particles
      • Convection: transfer of energy through fluid motion
      • Radiation: transfer of energy through electromagnetic waves

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    Description

    Learn about isothermal expansion, where a system expands at a constant temperature, and energy transfer, which occurs through heat and work. Understand the first law of thermodynamics and how energy is converted from one form to another.

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