Thermodynamics HSC Overview

System

The boundary separates the system from its surroundings.

<p>Temperature</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>No heat exchange</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Energy is conserved.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A measure of disorder or randomness in a system.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>η= 1 - T_c/T_h</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>W = nRTln(Vf/Vi)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>W= (PiVi - PfVf)/(γ-1)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cp - Cv = R</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>η = 1 - T_c/T_h</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>ΔS = Q_rev/T</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>PV = nRT</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Average kinetic energy = (3/2)k_BT</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>P = σAT^4</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>λ_max = b/T</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>E(λ,T) = (8πhc/λ^5)(1/(e^(hc/λk_BT) - 1))</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Q = mL</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>G = H - TS</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>ΔH = ΔU + PΔV, ΔU = nC_vΔT, ΔH = nC_pΔT)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gas molecules are in constant random motion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>P = 1/3(Nmv^2/V)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>P = σAT^4</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>λ_max = b/T</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>E(λ,T) = (8πhc/λ^5)(1/(e^(hc/λk_BT) - 1))</p> Signup and view all the answers

The study of heat, energy, and work in systems.

System: the part of the universe under study; Surroundings: everything outside the system.

Exchanges both energy and matter with its surroundings.

Exchanges energy but not matter with surroundings.

Exchanges neither energy nor matter with surroundings.

Temperature remains constant (ΔT = 0); Q = W.

No heat exchange with surroundings (Q = 0); ΔU = -W.

Volume remains constant (ΔV = 0); W = 0, Q = ΔU.

Pressure remains constant (ΔP = 0); Q = ΔU + W.

If two systems are in thermal equilibrium with a third, they are in equilibrium with each other.

Energy conservation; ΔU = Q - W, where Q is heat, W is work, ΔU is internal energy.

Heat flows spontaneously from hot to cold; entropy (S) increases.

As temperature approaches absolute zero, entropy approaches a constant minimum.

Measure of disorder or randomness in a system.

An ideal heat engine operating on the Carnot cycle; efficiency depends on temperatures of reservoirs.

The amount of heat required to change the temperature of a substance; includes specific and molar heat capacities.

W = P ΔV; work done is pressure times volume change.

Heat required to raise the temperature of 1 kg of a substance by 1°C; Q = mcΔT.

Heat required to raise the temperature of 1 mole of a substance by 1°C.

G = H - TS; indicates spontaneity of a system.

A physical constant relating temperature and energy; kB = 1.38 x 10^-23 J/K.

Pressure relates to the average kinetic energy of gas molecules: P = (1/3)(N/V)(mv²).

PV = nRT; combines pressure, volume, temperature, and number of moles.

The total energy radiated per unit area is proportional to T⁴; P = σAT⁴.

λmax = b/T; the wavelength of maximum radiation inversely relates to temperature.

Describes spectral energy distribution emitted by a black body as a function of temperature and wavelength.

Efficiency of a refrigerator; defined as heat removed from the cold reservoir divided by work input.

State where two systems reach the same temperature and no heat flows between them.

η = 1 - (TC/TH); measures work output relative to heat input, using cold and hot reservoir temperatures.