Questions and Answers
Maximum work that could be secured by expanding the gas over a given pressure range is the __________ work.
isothermal
For a spontaneous process, free energy:
A refrigeration cycle is a reversed heat engine.
True
Which of the following has the maximum value of the co-efficient of performance (COP) for a given refrigeration effect?
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In a working refrigerator, the value of COP is always:
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__________ increases with increase in pressure.
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A refrigerator may be termed as a:
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The fugacity of each component in a stable phase at constant pressure and temperature __________ as its mole fraction increases.
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Entropy is a measure of the __________ of a system.
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A chemical reaction will occur spontaneously at constant pressure and temperature, if the free energy:
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Study Notes
Thermodynamics Fundamentals
- Maximum work obtainable from gas expansion over a pressure range is termed as isothermal work, adiabatic work, isentropic work, or none of these.
- In a spontaneous process, free energy decreases while entropy increases.
- Internal energy change during a complete cycle in a cyclic process is zero.
- A refrigeration cycle represents a reversed heat engine, maximizing coefficient of performance (COP) with vapor compression using an expansion valve.
Key Thermodynamic Processes and Properties
- Heating water at atmospheric pressure is classified as an isobaric process.
- The Van Laar equation is relevant to activity coefficients in binary solutions, not ternary or azeotropic mixtures.
- High viscosity is an undesirable property for effective refrigerants, while high specific heat and latent heat of vaporization may also be issues.
Refrigeration and Phase Behavior
- Solubility of a substance that dissolves with volume increase and heat release is favored by low pressure and high temperature conditions.
- For a stable phase at constant pressure and temperature, fugacity increases with mole fraction.
- Entropy quantifies system disorder; higher entropy indicates greater disorder.
Properties of Thermodynamic Systems
- Not all properties are intensive; chemical potential and surface tension are examples of intensive properties while extensive properties measure system size or mass.
- Free energy influences chemical reactions, dictating spontaneity under constant pressure and temperature conditions.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the basics of thermodynamics, including key processes such as isothermal and adiabatic work, and explore the properties affecting refrigeration cycles. Understand the significance of free energy and internal energy changes in different thermodynamic scenarios.
