30 Questions
What is the term for the quantity of heat required to raise the temperature of 1g of a substance through 1°C?
Specific heat capacity
What is the difference between ΔH and ΔE in thermodynamic reactions?
ΔH is the heat change at constant pressure, while ΔE is at constant volume
What happens in an isothermal expansion?
The temperature of the system remains constant
What is the relationship between ΔH and ΔE in thermodynamic reactions involving gases?
ΔH = ΔE + PΔV
What is the term for the quantity of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 mole of a substance by 1°C?
Molar heat capacity
What is the direction of heat flow between systems?
From higher temperature to lower temperature
What is the mathematical statement of the first law of thermodynamics?
ΔE = q + w
What is the term for the heat content of a system at constant pressure?
Enthalpy
What happens to the internal energy of a system when it does work on the surroundings?
It decreases
What is the relation between heat and work in the first law of thermodynamics?
ΔE = q + w
What is the characteristic of a spontaneous process?
It is accompanied by a decrease in internal energy or enthalpy.
What is the statement that explains the impossibility of converting heat completely into work without producing changes elsewhere?
Ostwald statement
What is the term that explains the direction of spontaneous processes, where heat tends towards a lower thermal level?
Entropy
What is the process that involves the transfer of heat from a hot reservoir to a cold reservoir, with a corresponding decrease in entropy?
Carnot cycle
What is the type of process that melting of ice and evaporation of water are examples of, despite being endothermic?
Spontaneous process
In an isothermal expansion, what is the change in internal energy of the system?
$\Delta E = 0$
What is the relationship between the molar heat capacity at constant pressure ($C_p$) and the molar heat capacity at constant volume ($C_v$) for an ideal gas?
$C_p = C_v + R$
During an adiabatic expansion of an ideal gas, what happens to the temperature of the gas?
The temperature decreases
What is the relation between the work done in a reversible isothermal expansion and the heat supplied to the system?
$W = -Q$
What is the value of the molar heat capacity at constant volume ($C_v$) for a monoatomic ideal gas?
$C_v = \frac{3}{2}R$
What is the value of Cv for a monoatomic gas?
3 calories
What is the ratio of molar capacities (gamma) for a diatomic gas?
1.33
What is the expression for the work done by an ideal gas in an isothermal reversible expansion from volume V1 to volume V2?
-2.303nRT log10(V2/V1)
What is the relationship between Cp and Cv for a monoatomic gas?
Cp = Cv + R
What is the value of gamma (γ) for a triatomic gas?
1.40
What is the nature of the work done in an adiabatic expansion?
Work is done by the system on the surroundings.
What is the relationship between the molar specific heat capacity at constant volume (Cv) and the molar specific heat capacity at constant pressure (Cp) in an ideal gas?
Cp > Cv
What is the characteristic of a reversible adiabatic expansion?
No heat is transferred, and the entropy remains constant.
What is the Mathematical expression for the work done in an intermediate expansion?
w = -Pext(V2 - V1)
What is the relationship between the temperatures and pressures of the initial and final states in a reversible adiabatic expansion?
P2/P1 = (T2/T1)^(γ-1)
Test your understanding of thermodynamic concepts such as mechanical work, electrical work, and gravitational work. Learn about the relationships between heat change, energy, and pressure in different processes, including isothermal expansion.
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