Thermodynamics Chapter 1

The study of heat and its relation to other forms of energy, especially mechanical work.

Energy can neither be created nor destroyed, only transferred or transformed from one form to another.

The entropy of a closed system can only increase over time.

The entropy of a system approaches a constant value as the temperature approaches absolute zero.

A system where no mass crosses its boundaries, but energy can be exchanged.

A system where both mass and energy can cross its boundaries.

A system where no mass or energy can cross its boundaries.

A measure of the disorder or randomness of a system.

The total energy contained within a system, including the kinetic energy of its molecules.

The total energy content of a system, including its internal energy and the energy associated with its pressure and volume.

Heat transfer occurring without any change in entropy.

A process occurring without any heat transfer.

A process occurring at constant volume.

A process occurring at constant pressure.

A process occurring at constant temperature.

The temperature at which a substance changes from a liquid to a gas at a given pressure.

The point on a phase diagram where the solid, liquid, and gas phases of a substance coexist in equilibrium.

The temperature at which a substance changes from a solid to a liquid at a given pressure.

The temperature at which a substance changes from a solid to a gas directly, without passing through the liquid phase.

The state of a substance when it is below its critical temperature and its pressure is less than its saturation pressure.

The state of a substance exceeding its critical temperature.

The state of a substance at a temperature below its saturation temperature.

The state of a substance at its saturation temperature and pressure.

The state of a substance at its saturation temperature and pressure, but with some vapor present.

The state of a substance at a temperature above its saturation temperature.

The maximum temperature at which a substance can exist in a liquid state, regardless of pressure.

The pressure at which a substance can exist in a liquid state at its critical temperature.

The process of changing a substance from a liquid to a gas.

The process of changing a substance from a gas to a liquid.

The process of changing a substance from a solid to a gas directly, without passing through the liquid phase.

The process of changing a substance from a gas to a solid directly, without passing through the liquid phase.

The amount of heat required to change a substance from a solid to a liquid at its melting point.

The amount of heat required to change a substance from a liquid to a gas at its boiling point.

The amount of heat required to change a substance from a solid to a gas at its sublimation point.

The amount of energy required to raise the temperature of a substance by one degree Celsius or one Kelvin.