Thermodynamics Basics
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Questions and Answers

What is the unit of temperature at which absolute zero is defined?

  • Rankine (°R)
  • Celsius (°C)
  • Kelvin (K) (correct)
  • Fahrenheit (°F)

    • Which of the following statements is true about Charles's law?

  • It applies to all ideal gases
  • It applies to gases at constant temperature
  • It applies to gases at constant volume
  • It applies to gases at constant pressure (correct)

    • What is the characteristic of specific thermal energy?

  • It is a thermodynamic property
  • It is an extensive property
  • It is an intensive property (correct)
  • It is a function of temperature and pressure

    • Which of the following processes involves no heat transfer?

    <p>Adiabatic process</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the expression for specific enthalpy?

    <p>h = u + Pv</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is true about a Carnot engine?

    <p>Its efficiency depends on the temperatures of the thermal reservoirs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What separates a system from its surroundings?

    <p>A boundary</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the minimum number of independent intensive properties required to define the state of a pure substance?

    <p>Two</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about thermal energy is true?

    <p>Thermal energy involves molecular motion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the temperature of absolute zero in degrees Celsius?

    <p>-273.15 °C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of a closed system?

    <p>It cannot exchange mass with its surroundings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the nature of all real processes?

    <p>Irreversible</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Thermodynamic Processes

    • A process is a change from one thermodynamic state to another, defined by parameters like pressure and temperature.
    • A thermodynamic state is characterized by independent intensive properties, with two defining the state of a pure substance.

    System Boundaries

    • The boundary of a system separates it from the surroundings.

    Control Volumes and Masses

    • A closed system does not exchange mass with its surroundings, whereas a control volume can.
    • A control surface can be permeable or impermeable.
    • A closed system and control mass are synonymous.

    Thermodynamic Properties

    • For a pure substance, two independent intensive properties define the state.
    • In a given state, all intensive properties have a definite value.
    • Thermal energy involves molecular motion and flows from a hotter object to a cooler one.
    • Thermal equilibrium means no net thermal energy flow.

    Temperature and Energy

    • Absolute zero is 0 K, equivalent to -273.15 °C.
    • Thermal internal energy is an extensive property, while specific thermal energy is an intensive property.

    Gas Laws

    • Gas pressure is caused by molecules impacting the walls of their container.
    • Charles's law applies to gases at constant temperature, while Boyle's law applies at constant pressure.

    Processes and Properties

    • An isobaric process occurs at constant pressure.
    • A polytropic process includes several types of gas processes as special cases.
    • Enthalpy includes internal energy and the product of pressure and volume, and can be greater than internal energy.
    • Specific enthalpy is given by h = u + P v.

    Thermodynamic Efficiency

    • The efficiency of a Carnot engine depends only on the temperatures of the thermal reservoirs.
    • Energy and entropy are different properties and are not numerically equal.

    Entropy

    • During any process, the total entropy of the universe increases (Second Law of Thermodynamics).
    • Irreversibilities usually lead to an increase in entropy.
    • A real process leads to an increase in the total entropy of the system and its surroundings.

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    Test your understanding of thermodynamic concepts, including states, systems, and boundaries. Learn about control masses, control volumes, and more.

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