Thermodynamics and Heat Transfer

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following best describes the relationship between thermal energy and temperature?

Temperature is a measure of the _average_ kinetic energy of particles in a substance, reflecting its thermal energy. (correct)
Temperature is the total thermal energy of a substance, with no relation to particle motion.
Thermal energy measures average kinetic energy, while temperature measures total kinetic energy.
Thermal energy is the transfer of temperature between objects through particle collisions.

Heat transfer always occurs from a colder object to a hotter object.

False (B)

Explain how convection currents distribute heat in a fluid.

Warmer, less dense fluid rises, while cooler, denser fluid sinks, creating a cycle that distributes heat.

The transfer of heat through electromagnetic waves is known as ______.

radiation Signup and view all the answers

Which material is most likely a thermal insulator?

Plastic (A) Signup and view all the answers

Why does water make a good coolant?

High specific heat capacity (A) Signup and view all the answers

During a phase change, the temperature of a substance always increases proportionally to the heat added.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

The first law of thermodynamics implies which of the following?

Energy cannot be created or destroyed. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Explain the difference between latent heat of fusion and latent heat of vaporization.

Latent heat of fusion is the heat required for a solid to liquid phase change, while latent heat of vaporization is for a liquid to gas phase change. Signup and view all the answers

In the equation Q = mcΔT, 'c' represents the ______ of a substance.

specific heat capacity Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Thermal Energy

Energy arising from the movement or vibration of atoms and molecules within a substance; a manifestation of internal energy related to temperature.

Temperature

Measures the average kinetic energy of particles in a substance. Common units include Celsius, Fahrenheit, and Kelvin.

Heat Transfer

Transfer of thermal energy between objects or systems due to temperature difference. Always flows from hotter to colder until equilibrium.

Conduction

Heat transfer through a material without any movement of the material itself, relying on molecular collisions.