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Questions and Answers
A 0.25 kg metal block is heated to 50.0 °C and then placed in a container with 0.75 kg of water at 20.0 °C. The final temperature of the system is 21.0 °C. What is the specific heat of the metal?
A 0.25 kg metal block is heated to 50.0 °C and then placed in a container with 0.75 kg of water at 20.0 °C. The final temperature of the system is 21.0 °C. What is the specific heat of the metal?
- 500 J/(kg·K)
- 125 J/(kg·K)
- 250 J/(kg·K) (correct)
- 1000 J/(kg·K)
Which of the following statements about specific heat is TRUE?
Which of the following statements about specific heat is TRUE?
- A substance with a high specific heat requires a large amount of energy to raise its temperature. (correct)
- Specific heat is the amount of energy required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of a substance by 1 degree Celsius. (correct)
- The specific heat of water is lower than the specific heat of ice.
- Metals generally have high specific heat values, which is why they are good heat conductors.
- A substance with a high specific heat will cool down faster than a substance with low specific heat.
Why is it easier to raise the temperature of a metal object compared to a similar mass of water?
Why is it easier to raise the temperature of a metal object compared to a similar mass of water?
- Metals have a larger surface area than water.
- Metals have a lower specific heat capacity than water. (correct)
- Metals have a faster rate of heat transfer.
- Metals are better conductors of heat.
- Metals have a higher density than water.
A 100 g metal block is heated to 80.0 °C and then placed in 200 g of water at 20.0 °C. Assuming no heat loss to the surroundings, what is the final temperature of the system if the specific heat of the metal is 400 J/(kg·K)?
A 100 g metal block is heated to 80.0 °C and then placed in 200 g of water at 20.0 °C. Assuming no heat loss to the surroundings, what is the final temperature of the system if the specific heat of the metal is 400 J/(kg·K)?
What is the primary reason for using a cloth when lifting a hot pan from a stove?
What is the primary reason for using a cloth when lifting a hot pan from a stove?
What is the mechanism of heat transfer that involves the movement of fluid?
What is the mechanism of heat transfer that involves the movement of fluid?
Which variable is NOT a thermodynamic variable used to specify the state of a system?
Which variable is NOT a thermodynamic variable used to specify the state of a system?
In the equation of state for an ideal gas, what does the symbol $k_B$ represent?
In the equation of state for an ideal gas, what does the symbol $k_B$ represent?
What does the First Law of Thermodynamics primarily state?
What does the First Law of Thermodynamics primarily state?
Which equation expresses the relationship between internal energy, heat, and work in a thermodynamic system?
Which equation expresses the relationship between internal energy, heat, and work in a thermodynamic system?
What is the relationship between the efficiency of a heat engine and the temperatures of the hot and cold reservoirs?
What is the relationship between the efficiency of a heat engine and the temperatures of the hot and cold reservoirs?
In the context of a heat engine, what equation represents the work done by the engine?
In the context of a heat engine, what equation represents the work done by the engine?
What does the equation ε = 1 - (Tc / Th) signify regarding the efficiency of a heat engine?
What does the equation ε = 1 - (Tc / Th) signify regarding the efficiency of a heat engine?
What process occurs in a refrigerator that is the opposite of a heat engine?
What process occurs in a refrigerator that is the opposite of a heat engine?
What is a characteristic of thermal reservoirs in relation to temperature?
What is a characteristic of thermal reservoirs in relation to temperature?
What happens to the values of work and heat when heat is removed from the system?
What happens to the values of work and heat when heat is removed from the system?
How does the internal energy of a gas relate to its temperature?
How does the internal energy of a gas relate to its temperature?
What is the work done by the expanding gas when it expands into a vacuum?
What is the work done by the expanding gas when it expands into a vacuum?
Which of the following statements about path variables is true?
Which of the following statements about path variables is true?
Which equation represents the work done by an expanding gas when relating pressure to volume change?
Which equation represents the work done by an expanding gas when relating pressure to volume change?
Flashcards
Convection
Convection
Heat transfer through a moving fluid, like water or air.
Thermodynamic variables
Thermodynamic variables
Properties like pressure, volume, and temperature that define a system's state.
Equation of State (EOS)
Equation of State (EOS)
A relationship between thermodynamic variables, like P, V, and T.
First Law of Thermodynamics
First Law of Thermodynamics
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Ideal gas equation
Ideal gas equation
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Thermal Reservoir
Thermal Reservoir
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Heat Engine
Heat Engine
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Efficiency (
ε)
Efficiency ( ε)
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Refrigerator
Refrigerator
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Specific Heat of Water
Specific Heat of Water
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Specific Heat of Metals
Specific Heat of Metals
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Heat Transfer Equation
Heat Transfer Equation
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Thermal Conductivity
Thermal Conductivity
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Work and Heat Interaction
Work and Heat Interaction
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Path Variables
Path Variables
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Internal Energy Dependence
Internal Energy Dependence
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Work Done by Gas Expansion
Work Done by Gas Expansion
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Force Exerted by Gas
Force Exerted by Gas
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Study Notes
Thermal Physics I
- Ancient view of heat: Heat was a weightless, colorless fluid called phlogiston, stored in objects and transferred between them. This is incorrect. Heat is a form of energy.
- Temperature: A quantity common to bodies in contact after sufficient time. Hotter objects have higher temperatures.
- Heat: Energy flowing from a high-temperature system to a low-temperature system due to a temperature difference.
- Thermal equilibrium: When two or more objects in contact no longer exchange heat, they are in thermal equilibrium.
- Temperature measurement: Measured using thermometric properties (e.g., expansion, resistance, change in color) that change with temperature.
- Temperature scales: Centigrade (Celsius), Fahrenheit, and Kelvin are used to quantify temperature. Kelvin is the absolute scale (0 K = absolute zero).
Thermal Physics II
- Equation of state: Relation between thermodynamic variables (e.g., pressure, volume, temperature) for a specific system. For an ideal gas, PV = NkT, where N is the number of molecules, and k is the Boltzmann constant.
- First Law of Thermodynamics: Conservation of energy in thermodynamic processes. ΔE = Q + W, where ΔE is the change in internal energy, Q is heat, and W is work.
- Work done by expanding gas: The work done by an expanding gas is -PΔV, where P is the pressure and ΔV is the change in volume.
- Internal energy: Internal energy of a system depends only on the temperature and number of molecules it contains.
Thermal Physics III
- Statistical mechanics: Study of heat by considering the random movements of the molecules, including their speed and directions.
- Ideal gas: Gas where the molecules have negligible interactions with each other.
- Pressure: Related to the average velocity of the atoms (molecules) and is directly proportional to the absolute temperature.
- Entropy: Measure of disorder or randomness in a system, increasing with disordered motion of the particles, also increasing as volume and temperature increase. The second law of thermodynamics can be described with respect to entropy.
- Heat transfer: Conduction, convection and radiation described.
- Latent heat: Amount of heat needed to change the phase of a substance without changing its temperature.
- Specific heat: Amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of a substance by 1 degree Celsius or Kelvin.
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