Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary reason athletes prioritize wicking fibers in their clothing?
What is the primary reason athletes prioritize wicking fibers in their clothing?
- Wicking fibers are more durable than other types of fibers.
- Wicking fibers help to maintain a consistent body temperature. (correct)
- Wicking fibers are less likely to be affected by sweat.
- Wicking fibers are more comfortable than other types of fibers.
Which of the following weave patterns is specifically designed to trap body heat?
Which of the following weave patterns is specifically designed to trap body heat?
- Waffle weave (correct)
- Mesh knit
- Batiste
- Voile
What is the primary function of PTFE in performance sportswear?
What is the primary function of PTFE in performance sportswear?
- To increase the durability of the fabric.
- To enhance the breathability of the fabric.
- To provide insulation and warmth.
- To create a water-resistant barrier. (correct)
What is the significance of the 'Thirtysevenfive' brand in the context of thermal management?
What is the significance of the 'Thirtysevenfive' brand in the context of thermal management?
Which of the following is NOT a common trim used in the outdoor industry to prevent heat loss?
Which of the following is NOT a common trim used in the outdoor industry to prevent heat loss?
Which of the following natural fibers is commonly used in napped fabrics for its warmth?
Which of the following natural fibers is commonly used in napped fabrics for its warmth?
What is the main difference between brushed tricot and cotton flannel in terms of thermal management?
What is the main difference between brushed tricot and cotton flannel in terms of thermal management?
What is a common sustainability practice in the textile industry that has become increasingly popular?
What is a common sustainability practice in the textile industry that has become increasingly popular?
What is the primary goal of companies like Patagonia when incorporating sustainability into their brand image?
What is the primary goal of companies like Patagonia when incorporating sustainability into their brand image?
What is the main challenge associated with integrating wearable technology into clothing?
What is the main challenge associated with integrating wearable technology into clothing?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of cellulosic fibers?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of cellulosic fibers?
What is the main advantage of PrimaLoft®'s new concept of weaving insulation into the shell fabric?
What is the main advantage of PrimaLoft®'s new concept of weaving insulation into the shell fabric?
What is the primary function of the nanofibers embedded in certain performance sportswear?
What is the primary function of the nanofibers embedded in certain performance sportswear?
How do traditional methods of adding warmth to textiles differ from modern approaches?
How do traditional methods of adding warmth to textiles differ from modern approaches?
Which of the following is an example of a trim used in the outdoor industry to prevent heat loss?
Which of the following is an example of a trim used in the outdoor industry to prevent heat loss?
What is the ideal core body temperature for optimal athletic performance?
What is the ideal core body temperature for optimal athletic performance?
What term describes the textiles chosen for an entire line or a specific group within it?
What term describes the textiles chosen for an entire line or a specific group within it?
Which phase involves making general decisions about which textiles to purchase based on trend forecasts?
Which phase involves making general decisions about which textiles to purchase based on trend forecasts?
If a fabric did not sell well in the previous season, what action is typically taken?
If a fabric did not sell well in the previous season, what action is typically taken?
Which practice is recommended to differentiate a brand while following current trends?
Which practice is recommended to differentiate a brand while following current trends?
Which of the following is NOT a consideration when forming a fabric story?
Which of the following is NOT a consideration when forming a fabric story?
Where do merchandisers and designers often seek novelty and innovation in textiles?
Where do merchandisers and designers often seek novelty and innovation in textiles?
Why might a brand choose to integrate innovative performance features in their textiles?
Why might a brand choose to integrate innovative performance features in their textiles?
Which of the following shows is NOT mentioned as a venue for textile and fabric sourcing?
Which of the following shows is NOT mentioned as a venue for textile and fabric sourcing?
What is the primary benefit of spinning different textures of ply together?
What is the primary benefit of spinning different textures of ply together?
Which type of weave typically results in a smooth surface due to its interlacing pattern?
Which type of weave typically results in a smooth surface due to its interlacing pattern?
What is the main characteristic of warp knits compared to weft knits?
What is the main characteristic of warp knits compared to weft knits?
Which finishing method is best known for adding luster to textiles?
Which finishing method is best known for adding luster to textiles?
Nonwoven textiles are primarily created by which process?
Nonwoven textiles are primarily created by which process?
What effect does a stiff drape indicate about a textile?
What effect does a stiff drape indicate about a textile?
Which fiber property contributes to a textile's ability to drape well?
Which fiber property contributes to a textile's ability to drape well?
Which characteristic is associated with rougher fibers?
Which characteristic is associated with rougher fibers?
What aesthetic quality does a 'soft' drape convey in textiles?
What aesthetic quality does a 'soft' drape convey in textiles?
What type of yarn arrangement is considered most basic in textile construction?
What type of yarn arrangement is considered most basic in textile construction?
Which property is NOT typically associated with chemical finishes applied to textiles?
Which property is NOT typically associated with chemical finishes applied to textiles?
What is the main characteristic of a garment intended for a formal event regarding drape?
What is the main characteristic of a garment intended for a formal event regarding drape?
What defining feature differentiates weft knits from warp knits?
What defining feature differentiates weft knits from warp knits?
Which fibers are known to naturally resist the action of fungus and microorganisms?
Which fibers are known to naturally resist the action of fungus and microorganisms?
What is the primary purpose of twist in yarn construction?
What is the primary purpose of twist in yarn construction?
What happens when fibers like acetate are wet?
What happens when fibers like acetate are wet?
Which type of fabric is generally the least expensive to use as a support material?
Which type of fabric is generally the least expensive to use as a support material?
Which weaving construction technique enhances durability against abrasion?
Which weaving construction technique enhances durability against abrasion?
What is the main reason for testing support materials before use?
What is the main reason for testing support materials before use?
What do nanoparticle finishes provide to textiles?
What do nanoparticle finishes provide to textiles?
Which fiber is naturally lustrous due to its round cross-section?
Which fiber is naturally lustrous due to its round cross-section?
Which synthetic fiber property has been designed to improve thermal insulation?
Which synthetic fiber property has been designed to improve thermal insulation?
What is the primary reason for using down jackets despite their visual bulk?
What is the primary reason for using down jackets despite their visual bulk?
What happens to the luster of yarn when it is highly twisted?
What happens to the luster of yarn when it is highly twisted?
Which process can be used to reduce the luster of a fabric?
Which process can be used to reduce the luster of a fabric?
Which of the following fibers is considered the lightest among natural fibers?
Which of the following fibers is considered the lightest among natural fibers?
How can surface interest be introduced into a textile at the early production stages?
How can surface interest be introduced into a textile at the early production stages?
What type of finish is least likely to allow sweat evaporation?
What type of finish is least likely to allow sweat evaporation?
Which textile construction generally captures light and creates shadows?
Which textile construction generally captures light and creates shadows?
What is the impact of a higher twist in yarns beyond average levels?
What is the impact of a higher twist in yarns beyond average levels?
What aesthetic property describes the amount of light reflected from the textile surface?
What aesthetic property describes the amount of light reflected from the textile surface?
What method can enhance the strength of staple yarns?
What method can enhance the strength of staple yarns?
What effect does delustering a fiber chemically have on its appearance?
What effect does delustering a fiber chemically have on its appearance?
How is fabric weight typically assessed?
How is fabric weight typically assessed?
What is a common application for synthetic fibers in outdoor gear?
What is a common application for synthetic fibers in outdoor gear?
Which type of support material is more costly over the long term due to potential changes in appearance?
Which type of support material is more costly over the long term due to potential changes in appearance?
What is the primary function of fusible interlining in garment construction?
What is the primary function of fusible interlining in garment construction?
What type of finish can be applied to dull fabrics to enhance their luster?
What type of finish can be applied to dull fabrics to enhance their luster?
Which type of jacket construction allows for the most natural drape on the wearer?
Which type of jacket construction allows for the most natural drape on the wearer?
What is the primary benefit of adding luster through finishes?
What is the primary benefit of adding luster through finishes?
Which of the following is NOT commonly used as a support material for formal gowns?
Which of the following is NOT commonly used as a support material for formal gowns?
Which type of natural fiber is noted for having fewer ends that cast shadows, leading to a more lustrous appearance?
Which type of natural fiber is noted for having fewer ends that cast shadows, leading to a more lustrous appearance?
What is the main drawback of poorly fused suit jackets?
What is the main drawback of poorly fused suit jackets?
What type of yarn can create unique visual effects by breaking up the luster?
What type of yarn can create unique visual effects by breaking up the luster?
What advantage does a half-canvassed jacket offer?
What advantage does a half-canvassed jacket offer?
What is a common modern alternative to whale bone used in garment boning?
What is a common modern alternative to whale bone used in garment boning?
Which material is commonly used to create a sculpted shape in formal garments?
Which material is commonly used to create a sculpted shape in formal garments?
What is the purpose of elastic in garment construction?
What is the purpose of elastic in garment construction?
Why are synthetic fibers often preferred over natural sources in modern clothing?
Why are synthetic fibers often preferred over natural sources in modern clothing?
What is the primary role of narrow textiles such as twill tape in garment construction?
What is the primary role of narrow textiles such as twill tape in garment construction?
What characteristic of filament fibers allows them to move easily when textiles are pulled?
What characteristic of filament fibers allows them to move easily when textiles are pulled?
How does the amount of twist in yarns affect their softness and firmness?
How does the amount of twist in yarns affect their softness and firmness?
Which of the following statements about non-woven products is true?
Which of the following statements about non-woven products is true?
Which fabric construction method is likely to have a softer drape?
Which fabric construction method is likely to have a softer drape?
What is a benefit of neoprene in garment construction?
What is a benefit of neoprene in garment construction?
What effect does a higher thread count have on the movement of yarns?
What effect does a higher thread count have on the movement of yarns?
What characteristic of lining makes it useful in garment construction?
What characteristic of lining makes it useful in garment construction?
What happens to the drape of a fabric when heavier yarns are used in the warp and weft?
What happens to the drape of a fabric when heavier yarns are used in the warp and weft?
What material has been largely replaced by polyester needle-punch felt in handmade products?
What material has been largely replaced by polyester needle-punch felt in handmade products?
Which type of finish would likely stiffen a textile after weaving or knitting?
Which type of finish would likely stiffen a textile after weaving or knitting?
What is the primary effect of using support materials in garment design?
What is the primary effect of using support materials in garment design?
What is the role of floats in woven textiles?
What is the role of floats in woven textiles?
What can happen to a knitted textile when it is cut into a garment?
What can happen to a knitted textile when it is cut into a garment?
What is an effect of using crepe twist on filament fibers?
What is an effect of using crepe twist on filament fibers?
When can natural fibers become scarce affecting textile availability?
When can natural fibers become scarce affecting textile availability?
Which of the following fibers is likely to drape well if not restricted during production?
Which of the following fibers is likely to drape well if not restricted during production?
What can be a result of using a high twist rate in yarns?
What can be a result of using a high twist rate in yarns?
What happens to the drape characteristics when average twist lightweight cotton yarn is woven into a lower thread count?
What happens to the drape characteristics when average twist lightweight cotton yarn is woven into a lower thread count?
What is the primary purpose of textiles vendors sending representatives to trade shows?
What is the primary purpose of textiles vendors sending representatives to trade shows?
How do designers typically stay informed about new fabric options and trends?
How do designers typically stay informed about new fabric options and trends?
What do textile suppliers present alongside their product samples?
What do textile suppliers present alongside their product samples?
What has influenced the shift in buying habits away from coordinated head to toe looks?
What has influenced the shift in buying habits away from coordinated head to toe looks?
What is a critical factor for maintaining a balanced line in production?
What is a critical factor for maintaining a balanced line in production?
What challenge do small businesses face when buying textiles?
What challenge do small businesses face when buying textiles?
In line development, what do designers and merchandisers collaborate on?
In line development, what do designers and merchandisers collaborate on?
How do fast fashion brands typically present their collections?
How do fast fashion brands typically present their collections?
What contributes to the definition of textiles in some clothing lines as base layer, mid layer, etc.?
What contributes to the definition of textiles in some clothing lines as base layer, mid layer, etc.?
What is a common practice for managing fabric samples in large companies?
What is a common practice for managing fabric samples in large companies?
What is a potential benefit of online sourcing for fabric and trim?
What is a potential benefit of online sourcing for fabric and trim?
What is one reason why vendors typically offer what they can obtain in the least amount of time?
What is one reason why vendors typically offer what they can obtain in the least amount of time?
What is the significance of color stories in fabric selection?
What is the significance of color stories in fabric selection?
What aspect of a brand's basic goods influences loyal customers?
What aspect of a brand's basic goods influences loyal customers?
What is a challenge for small businesses when purchasing fabric?
What is a challenge for small businesses when purchasing fabric?
Which percentage of a garment's cost typically comes from fabric when sourced offshore?
Which percentage of a garment's cost typically comes from fabric when sourced offshore?
What is the best timing strategy for fabric and trim decisions?
What is the best timing strategy for fabric and trim decisions?
Why is it important to test new textiles and trims before production?
Why is it important to test new textiles and trims before production?
What impact does buying off-the-card have on fabric purchasing?
What impact does buying off-the-card have on fabric purchasing?
What is a key consideration during assortment planning?
What is a key consideration during assortment planning?
Why do vendors typically prefer early commitments from product developers?
Why do vendors typically prefer early commitments from product developers?
What happens when garment sales surpass initial projections?
What happens when garment sales surpass initial projections?
Which element is critical for fabric costs to be successful?
Which element is critical for fabric costs to be successful?
What is one of the main pressures on sample rooms?
What is one of the main pressures on sample rooms?
What complicates the choices made by vendors when sourcing materials?
What complicates the choices made by vendors when sourcing materials?
What is essential for managing the cost of textiles during production planning?
What is essential for managing the cost of textiles during production planning?
What kind of fabric purchasing planning is affected by sustainability efforts?
What kind of fabric purchasing planning is affected by sustainability efforts?
Which printing method offers the lowest preparation time?
Which printing method offers the lowest preparation time?
What is a common limitation of rotary screen printing compared to other methods?
What is a common limitation of rotary screen printing compared to other methods?
Which printing method is the most costly?
Which printing method is the most costly?
What is a disadvantage of digital printing?
What is a disadvantage of digital printing?
Which printing method does not require toxic ink cleanup?
Which printing method does not require toxic ink cleanup?
What does sublimation printing involve?
What does sublimation printing involve?
Which of the following is NOT a limitation of engraved roller printing?
Which of the following is NOT a limitation of engraved roller printing?
What is a key characteristic of trims in textiles?
What is a key characteristic of trims in textiles?
In which context might a product developer purchase prints?
In which context might a product developer purchase prints?
Which of the following affects the size of the image in digital printing?
Which of the following affects the size of the image in digital printing?
How are distinctive designs derived from purchased prints?
How are distinctive designs derived from purchased prints?
Which characteristic is common to all printing methods discussed?
Which characteristic is common to all printing methods discussed?
What effect does digital printing have on surface design?
What effect does digital printing have on surface design?
What common feature do rotary and engraved roller printing share?
What common feature do rotary and engraved roller printing share?
What is one characteristic of tweed yarns?
What is one characteristic of tweed yarns?
How do heather yarns differ from solid colored yarns?
How do heather yarns differ from solid colored yarns?
What is a major disadvantage of structural design compared to applied design?
What is a major disadvantage of structural design compared to applied design?
What is a primary function of applied finishes in textile design?
What is a primary function of applied finishes in textile design?
What is a characteristic of novelty yarns?
What is a characteristic of novelty yarns?
Which printing technique confines repeated images to a certain size?
Which printing technique confines repeated images to a certain size?
In textile design, which software might a designer use for creating patterns?
In textile design, which software might a designer use for creating patterns?
Which type of industry segment relies heavily on prints for brand differentiation?
Which type of industry segment relies heavily on prints for brand differentiation?
What is a limitation of digital images in textile printing?
What is a limitation of digital images in textile printing?
Which characteristic defines jacquard looms in woven textiles?
Which characteristic defines jacquard looms in woven textiles?
What is the main visual aspect of printed fabrics compared to woven or knitted textiles?
What is the main visual aspect of printed fabrics compared to woven or knitted textiles?
What effect can alternating sets of colored yarns create in woven textiles?
What effect can alternating sets of colored yarns create in woven textiles?
Which resource might provide inspiration for textile print designers?
Which resource might provide inspiration for textile print designers?
Which of these types of fibers is not used in elastic trims?
Which of these types of fibers is not used in elastic trims?
Which of these is a characteristic of knit constructions such as ribbing?
Which of these is a characteristic of knit constructions such as ribbing?
What is the primary reason why the US military and law enforcement are interested in new textile technology?
What is the primary reason why the US military and law enforcement are interested in new textile technology?
How are spandex fibers incorporated into fabrics?
How are spandex fibers incorporated into fabrics?
What is the primary function of elastic trims in clothing?
What is the primary function of elastic trims in clothing?
What does the term "comfort stretch" refer to?
What does the term "comfort stretch" refer to?
Which of these types of fibers is known for its high degree of stretch and recovery?
Which of these types of fibers is known for its high degree of stretch and recovery?
What is the main purpose of the LZR Racer swimming suit?
What is the main purpose of the LZR Racer swimming suit?
Why did FINA introduce restrictions on swimsuits after the 2008 Olympics?
Why did FINA introduce restrictions on swimsuits after the 2008 Olympics?
What is the key advantage of seamless knitting technology in garment manufacturing?
What is the key advantage of seamless knitting technology in garment manufacturing?
Which of these is an example of textile trim?
Which of these is an example of textile trim?
What is the primary factor that influences the strength and durability of a textile?
What is the primary factor that influences the strength and durability of a textile?
How does mercerization improve the durability of cotton fabric?
How does mercerization improve the durability of cotton fabric?
What is the key difference between polyester and nylon fibers in terms of durability?
What is the key difference between polyester and nylon fibers in terms of durability?
What is the primary reason why manufacturers might use substitute fabrics in a product line?
What is the primary reason why manufacturers might use substitute fabrics in a product line?
What are the three primary categories of utilitarian properties in textiles?
What are the three primary categories of utilitarian properties in textiles?
What is the primary difference between regenerated fibers and synthetic fibers?
What is the primary difference between regenerated fibers and synthetic fibers?
How can a textile's physical structure influence its ability to absorb moisture?
How can a textile's physical structure influence its ability to absorb moisture?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of woven fabrics?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of woven fabrics?
What are strike-offs, knit-downs, and head ends?
What are strike-offs, knit-downs, and head ends?
Which of the following is a key consideration when selecting substitute fabrics?
Which of the following is a key consideration when selecting substitute fabrics?
How can the amount of twist in a yarn influence its properties?
How can the amount of twist in a yarn influence its properties?
Which of the following is NOT a stage in textile manufacturing?
Which of the following is NOT a stage in textile manufacturing?
Which textile property is directly influenced by the chemical structure of a fiber?
Which textile property is directly influenced by the chemical structure of a fiber?
What is the purpose of a quality assurance manual in the textile industry?
What is the purpose of a quality assurance manual in the textile industry?
What is the relationship between the length of a fiber and its flexibility?
What is the relationship between the length of a fiber and its flexibility?
What is the main objective of textile production, according to the text?
What is the main objective of textile production, according to the text?
How does the cross-sectional shape of a fiber influence its properties?
How does the cross-sectional shape of a fiber influence its properties?
What is the purpose of "throwing" filament fibers together?
What is the purpose of "throwing" filament fibers together?
Why is it important for apparel businesses to maintain a consistent relationship with their textile suppliers?
Why is it important for apparel businesses to maintain a consistent relationship with their textile suppliers?
Flashcards
Fabrication
Fabrication
The process of selecting textiles and trims for a clothing line.
Fabric Story
Fabric Story
A collection of textiles selected for a entire line or group, evolving from a concept.
Line Planning
Line Planning
The phase where general textile decisions are made based on trends and previous sales performance.
Trend Forecasting
Trend Forecasting
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Mood Board
Mood Board
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Consumer Needs Analysis
Consumer Needs Analysis
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Sustainable Textile Production
Sustainable Textile Production
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Novelty Fabrics
Novelty Fabrics
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Embroidery Vendor
Embroidery Vendor
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Fabric Samples
Fabric Samples
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Sales Representatives
Sales Representatives
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Line Development
Line Development
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Textile Weight
Textile Weight
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Basic Goods
Basic Goods
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Novelty Goods
Novelty Goods
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Merchandising Calendar
Merchandising Calendar
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Seasonless Dressing
Seasonless Dressing
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Bulk Textile Production
Bulk Textile Production
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Minimum Orders
Minimum Orders
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Sustainability in Textiles
Sustainability in Textiles
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Layering Concept
Layering Concept
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Visual Boards
Visual Boards
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Capsule Collections
Capsule Collections
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Jobbers
Jobbers
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Minimums
Minimums
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Off-the-card
Off-the-card
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Assortment Planning
Assortment Planning
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Fabric Costs
Fabric Costs
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Timing Decisions
Timing Decisions
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Exclusive Textiles
Exclusive Textiles
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Sample Rooms
Sample Rooms
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Production Order
Production Order
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Sustainability Certification
Sustainability Certification
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Bulk Quantity
Bulk Quantity
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Turnaround Time
Turnaround Time
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Market Trends
Market Trends
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Quality Standards
Quality Standards
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Detailed Specifications
Detailed Specifications
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Custom-dyed fabrics
Custom-dyed fabrics
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Strike-offs
Strike-offs
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Knit-downs
Knit-downs
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Head ends
Head ends
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Quality assurance manuals
Quality assurance manuals
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Aesthetic properties
Aesthetic properties
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Utilitarian properties
Utilitarian properties
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Sustainability properties
Sustainability properties
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Fiber
Fiber
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Natural fibers
Natural fibers
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Manufactured fibers
Manufactured fibers
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Polymers
Polymers
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Yarn
Yarn
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Fiber length
Fiber length
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Twist in yarns
Twist in yarns
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Coarse Fibers
Coarse Fibers
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Filament Fibers
Filament Fibers
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Drape
Drape
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Crepe Twist
Crepe Twist
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Thread Count
Thread Count
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Plain Weave
Plain Weave
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Twill Weave
Twill Weave
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Knitted Textile
Knitted Textile
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Support Materials
Support Materials
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Enzyme Wash
Enzyme Wash
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Additional Yarn
Additional Yarn
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Density of Yarn
Density of Yarn
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Floats in Weave
Floats in Weave
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Finishing Techniques
Finishing Techniques
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Cost Comparison of Materials
Cost Comparison of Materials
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Natural vs Synthetic Fibers
Natural vs Synthetic Fibers
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Fusible Application
Fusible Application
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Luster
Luster
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High vs Low Luster
High vs Low Luster
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Effects of Fiber on Luster
Effects of Fiber on Luster
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Yarn Spinning and Luster
Yarn Spinning and Luster
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Structure vs Applied Design
Structure vs Applied Design
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Surface Interest
Surface Interest
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Testing Support Materials
Testing Support Materials
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Branded Support Materials
Branded Support Materials
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Wash Tests
Wash Tests
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Finishes and Luster
Finishes and Luster
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Luster Reduction Techniques
Luster Reduction Techniques
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Tweed Yarn
Tweed Yarn
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Heather Yarn
Heather Yarn
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Novelty Yarns
Novelty Yarns
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Interlacing Yarns
Interlacing Yarns
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Knitting Loops
Knitting Loops
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Structural Design
Structural Design
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Applied Design
Applied Design
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Pattern Translation
Pattern Translation
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Yarn-Dyed Patterns
Yarn-Dyed Patterns
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Jacquard Looms
Jacquard Looms
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Engraved Roller Printing
Engraved Roller Printing
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Vintage Textiles
Vintage Textiles
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Print Categories
Print Categories
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Industrial Printing Methods
Industrial Printing Methods
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Ply
Ply
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Smooth Fibers
Smooth Fibers
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Woven Textiles
Woven Textiles
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Warp Yarns
Warp Yarns
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Weft Yarns
Weft Yarns
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Knit Textiles
Knit Textiles
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Weft Knits
Weft Knits
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Warp Knits
Warp Knits
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Nonwoven Textiles
Nonwoven Textiles
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Hand (Handle)
Hand (Handle)
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Chemical Finishes
Chemical Finishes
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Fiber Characteristics
Fiber Characteristics
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Rotary Screen Printing
Rotary Screen Printing
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Digital Printing
Digital Printing
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Sublimation Printing
Sublimation Printing
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Environmental Concerns in Printing
Environmental Concerns in Printing
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Minimum Orders in Printing
Minimum Orders in Printing
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Cost Comparison of Printing Methods
Cost Comparison of Printing Methods
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Turn Time in Printing
Turn Time in Printing
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Digital Design Flexibility
Digital Design Flexibility
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Color Vividness in Printing
Color Vividness in Printing
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Registration Accuracy in Printing
Registration Accuracy in Printing
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Fabric Width Limits
Fabric Width Limits
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Toxic Inks Cleanup
Toxic Inks Cleanup
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Cost of Textile Design
Cost of Textile Design
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Trims in Surface Design
Trims in Surface Design
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Fusible Interlining
Fusible Interlining
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Stretch in Textiles
Stretch in Textiles
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Woven Interlining
Woven Interlining
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Compression in Garments
Compression in Garments
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Spandex
Spandex
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Synthetic Fibers
Synthetic Fibers
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Recovery in Stretch Fabrics
Recovery in Stretch Fabrics
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Collar Construction
Collar Construction
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Boning
Boning
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Powernet
Powernet
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Full Canvassed Suit
Full Canvassed Suit
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Seamless Knitting Technology
Seamless Knitting Technology
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Durability in Textiles
Durability in Textiles
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Fused Suit Jacket
Fused Suit Jacket
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Fiber Chemistry and Durability
Fiber Chemistry and Durability
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Half-Canvassed Suit
Half-Canvassed Suit
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Elastic Trims
Elastic Trims
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Elastic Textiles
Elastic Textiles
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Compression Knits
Compression Knits
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Narrow Textiles
Narrow Textiles
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Neoprene Fabric
Neoprene Fabric
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Comfort Stretch
Comfort Stretch
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Texturized Synthetic Yarns
Texturized Synthetic Yarns
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Lining Fabric
Lining Fabric
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Zippers as Hardware Trim
Zippers as Hardware Trim
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Cut-on-the-Bias
Cut-on-the-Bias
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Woven vs. Knitted Fabrics
Woven vs. Knitted Fabrics
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Shoulder Pads
Shoulder Pads
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Cellulosic Fibers
Cellulosic Fibers
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Wicking Fibers
Wicking Fibers
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Thermal Management
Thermal Management
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Waffle Weave
Waffle Weave
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Mesh Knits
Mesh Knits
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Nonwoven Fabrics
Nonwoven Fabrics
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PrimaLoft®
PrimaLoft®
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Heat-retentive Layers
Heat-retentive Layers
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Gore-Tex®
Gore-Tex®
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Brushed Fabrics
Brushed Fabrics
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Nanotechnology in Textiles
Nanotechnology in Textiles
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Thermal Fleece
Thermal Fleece
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Seam-sealing Tape
Seam-sealing Tape
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Wearable Technology
Wearable Technology
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Secondary bonds
Secondary bonds
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Tensile strength
Tensile strength
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Microfibers
Microfibers
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Nonwovens
Nonwovens
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Yarn ply
Yarn ply
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Weaving constructions
Weaving constructions
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Nanoparticles in textiles
Nanoparticles in textiles
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Abrasion resistance
Abrasion resistance
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Study Notes
Fabric and Trim Selection
- Fabrication involves choosing textiles and trims for clothing lines, often called a "fabric story."
- Fabric stories start with a concept but evolve through specific decisions throughout product development.
- Decisions about textiles are made at every phase of product development.
Line Planning
- Marketing and merchandising teams make initial fabric purchasing decisions based on trend forecasts and prior season's sales data.
- Repeat successful designs and analyze poor-performing products.
- Research consumer trends to find replacements for fabrics that underperformed.
- Brands differentiate themselves by selecting unique color stories, avoiding low-priced competitor fabrics, integrating innovative features, employing sustainable practices, and sourcing exclusive fabrics.
- Fabric and trim shows (Texworld USA, International Textile Expo, etc.) allow brands to discover new options and suppliers.
- Vendors may provide entire supply chain links (e.g., embroidery + textile mills).
- Designers maintain relationships with fabric/trim vendors to stay current with trends and options.
- Companies maintain extensive fabric/trim sample libraries.
- Online sourcing is expanding, particularly for basic goods, due to faster lead times, increased innovation, decreased travel costs, and improved efficiency.
- Companies can source products from agents, factories, etc., with specific requirements or general characteristics.
Line Development
- Merchandisers and designers collaborate on garment categories and production budgets, balancing cost and consumer needs.
- Fabric story becomes more specific, including particular textiles and color choices.
- Fabric/trim samples with technical information, prices, and order details are organized.
- Trends in clothing lines highlight a shift towards individual item purchases rather than coordinated looks.
- Active sportswear influences layering trends (base, mid, insulating, shell layers).
- Lines often balance basic and novelty goods, with established brands leaning towards gradual introduction of new elements (colors, patterns, weights) for basic goods and novelty elements for others (e.g., tops, sweaters).
- Balancing both basic and novelty goods to meet quantity minimums with mills and avoid higher costs from jobbers/middlemen is essential for all organizations (large & small).
- COVID-19 impact on consumer demands has increased focus on durability, wearability, and seasonless dressing in garment design decisions.
Assortment Planning
- Designers, merchandisers, and production planners finalize the clothing line with more detailed decisions like silhouettes, quantities per style, fabrics, trims, and colors.
- Fabric costs comprise a significant portion of garment costs (35-70%).
- Package pricing for offshore products can obscure textile costs.
- Understanding relative fabric costs through comparisons across several seasons helps product development.
- Increased focus on sustainability in material sourcing requires transparency and certification.
- Product developers may need to adjust markups based on fabric costs and ensure sufficient revenue.
Timing Fabric and Trim Decisions
- Product developers aim to minimize risk by delaying material decisions; however, early decisions often provide wider selections and guarantee exclusivity.
- Fabric decisions are often made before designing specific silhouettes to avoid conflicts with materials and avoid wasted resources.
- Vendors often prioritize early orders.
- Minimum order quantities are often required for exclusive fabrics and trims, favouring larger companies.
- Thorough testing of new textiles and trims is needed using samples and laboratory tests.
- Sample rooms (where they exist) are under pressure to quickly generate samples to maintain timely fabric purchases.
Fabric Purchasing
- Fabric selection triggers the initial production order with the factory based on initial sales projections.
- The factory then orders the fabric in bulk for production according to brand specifications.
- When garment sales are confirmed, the factory may adjust or increase its fabric order.
- All line components (colors, textures, trims) need approval and match quality standards.
- Approval samples (strike-offs, knit-downs, head ends) are sent, and any production delays, including any technical issues, are addressed promptly.
- Product developers generally provide quality assurance manuals to clarify fabric testing procedures.
Selecting Textiles for their Properties
- Textile choices benefit from considering a group of products (not just a single piece) to balance pricing and desirable features.
- Substitute fabrics are acceptable to maintain customer appeal and meet individual needs.
- Aesthetic properties (drape, hand, luster, surface interest) influence consumer perception, and utilitarian properties (safety, low costs, durability, comfort) ensure practicality.
- Sustainability properties must also be considered in textile production to account for social and environmental standards.
- These properties are created and managed at four stages: raw fiber production, yarn spinning, fabric construction, and finishing.
Fiber
- Fibers are the raw materials of textiles, either natural (animal or plant) or manufactured (regenerated or synthetic).
- Chemical and physical characteristics of fibers impact textile properties.
Chemical Structure
- Fibers consist of long polymer chains that dictate the fiber's strength, flexibility, absorbency, and dyeability.
- Different fiber types (e.g., cotton, linen, silk, wool, nylon, polyester) have different molecular structures.
Physical Structure
- Fiber length (staple or filament), shape, and size influence drape, luster, and absorbency.
Yarn
- Yarns are long, thin arrangements of fibers used in textile fabrication.
- Twisting fibers affects strength and softness of yarn.
- Different yarn types and ply formations create variety.
Construction
- Wovens: Two or more yarn sets (warp & weft) are interwoven in patterns.
- Plain weaves are basic; twill and satin offer floats for improved flexibility.
- Fabric arrangement generally has warp running vertically.
- Knits: Yarns are interconnected by loops/courses/wales.
- Weft knits stretch mostly horizontally; warp knits are more structurally stable and can feature complex designs but tend to be less stretchy.
- Nonwovens: Fibers are entangled/bonded into fabric using various methods (e.g., heat or adhesives). Nonwovens are generally less expensive but typically less strong than woven or knit materials.
Finishing Methods
- Finishes add/remove specific features, from color and stiffness to water resistance.
Aesthetic Properties:Drape
- Drape is the tendency of a textile to conform to a body shape against gravity.
- Stiff/firm drape versus soft/swingy drape are based on fiber/yarn structure.
- Hand is the tactile experience of a textile.
Aesthetic Properties:Luster
- Luster is the textile's reflectiveness of light.
- Natural variation of luster exists between fibers (e.g., silk, cotton, polyester, nylon).
- Yarn type and construction can impact luster by altering reflections and visual depth.
- Finishing processes can alter luster.
Aesthetic Properties:Surface Interest
- Surface interest breaks up the surface with variations in light reflection (shiny/dull, rough/smooth) to add a visually compelling feature.
- Structural design (in the fiber and construction stage) and applied design produce unique textures through varying yarns, methods (e.g., weaves/knits/prints) and finishes.
Pattern Design Development
- Patterns are translated digitally to be scaled and manipulated and are applied to weaving, knitting, or printing.
- Yarn-dye patterns often have a geometric look due to weaving and knitting techniques. Images in prints are independent from these mechanical patterns.
Prints and Other Finishes
- Printing is a critical method for textiles for introducing novelty and differentiation.
- Printing methods vary (e.g., wood block, rollers, digital, sublimation) with different capabilities and costs.
- Independent designers provide print/design services for clients.
Trims that Add Surface Interest
- Narrow textiles can add surface interest, such as ribbons, tapes, elastic trims/braids, hardware, buttons, buckles, and zippers.
- Materials (including hardware) can be manipulated to provide a range of appearance and style.
Utilitarian Properties: Stretch
- Stretch is an important property of textiles, especially for activewear.
- Stretch is achieved in fibers and yarns through specific types of materials, as well as through construction.
- Stretch construction in fabrics aids in holding garment shape and reducing garment wear.
Utilitarian Properties: Durability
- Durability is a textile's resistance to wear, tear, abrasion under use.
- Durability depends on the fiber (chemical & physical properties), spinning method, construction (e.g., weave, knit), finishing techniques.
- Nanoparticles and protective finishes increase a fabric’s durability.
Utilitarian Properties: Weight
- Fabric weight is measured as ounces per square yard or grams per meter.
- Fabric weight can affect both performance and appearance of the garment.
Utilitarian Properties: Thermal Management
- Thermal management textiles help maintain body temperature regardless of weather, activity, or health conditions.
- Insulation is gained through textile structure (e.g., weaving patterns, fibers) and finishes (e.g., napping, lamination).
- Wicking properties can also assist in managing temperature.
Sustainability Properties
- Sustainability plays a crucial role in textile choices.
- Concerns around chemical pollution, natural resource consumption, and circular production cycles are driving more environmentally friendly design principles in fashion.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the principles of thermal management in performance sportswear. From wicking fibers to sustainability practices, explore key concepts that athletes and manufacturers prioritize. This quiz covers various materials, designs, and technologies used in the outdoor and sportswear industries.
