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Questions and Answers
Why does a nail pass through a hole in a metal sheet after the sheet is heated?
Why does a nail pass through a hole in a metal sheet after the sheet is heated?
- The metal sheet expands, increasing the size of the hole. (correct)
- The nail contracts due to the heat, allowing it to pass through.
- The heat melts the surface of the metal, reducing friction.
- The nail expands, compressing the area of the metal sheet.
The coefficient of superficial expansion measures the change in volume of a solid when heated.
The coefficient of superficial expansion measures the change in volume of a solid when heated.
False (B)
A metal rod of length $L_1$ is heated, and its length increases to $L_2$. If the temperature increase is T, which formula correctly represents the coefficient of linear expansion, $\alpha$?
A metal rod of length $L_1$ is heated, and its length increases to $L_2$. If the temperature increase is T, which formula correctly represents the coefficient of linear expansion, $\alpha$?
- $\alpha = \frac{T}{L_1(L_2 - L_1)}$
- $\alpha = \frac{L_1T}{(L_2 - L_1)}$
- $\alpha = \frac{(L_2 - L_1)}{L_1T}$ (correct)
- $\alpha = \frac{L_1}{(L_2 - L_1)T}$
What is the SI unit for the coefficient of cubical expansion?
What is the SI unit for the coefficient of cubical expansion?
Linear expansion is inversely proportional to the original length of the solid.
Linear expansion is inversely proportional to the original length of the solid.
The increase in temperature leads to a ______ cubical expansion in solids.
The increase in temperature leads to a ______ cubical expansion in solids.
What is the SI unit for the coefficient of linear expansion?
What is the SI unit for the coefficient of linear expansion?
The expansion that occurs when a solid is heated, resulting in a change in its surface area, is called ______ expansion.
The expansion that occurs when a solid is heated, resulting in a change in its surface area, is called ______ expansion.
Match the expansion type with its corresponding definition:
Match the expansion type with its corresponding definition:
Which factor does NOT influence the cubical expansion of a solid?
Which factor does NOT influence the cubical expansion of a solid?
Match each factor with its effect on linear expansion of a metal rod when heated:
Match each factor with its effect on linear expansion of a metal rod when heated:
A metal sheet with an initial area of $A_1$ is heated, resulting in a final area of $A_2$. If the temperature change is T, which formula correctly represents the coefficient of superficial expansion ($\beta$)?
A metal sheet with an initial area of $A_1$ is heated, resulting in a final area of $A_2$. If the temperature change is T, which formula correctly represents the coefficient of superficial expansion ($\beta$)?
Why does heating a jammed metal lid on a glass bottle sometimes allow it to be opened?
Why does heating a jammed metal lid on a glass bottle sometimes allow it to be opened?
Explain the relationship between the amount of heat provided to a solid and its cubical expansion.
Explain the relationship between the amount of heat provided to a solid and its cubical expansion.
Two rods of different materials but equal initial lengths are heated with the same amount of heat. Which property primarily determines how differently they will expand?
Two rods of different materials but equal initial lengths are heated with the same amount of heat. Which property primarily determines how differently they will expand?
The amount of superficial expansion is independent of the original area of the solid.
The amount of superficial expansion is independent of the original area of the solid.
If a copper rod and an iron rod of the same length are heated through the same temperature difference, which one will expand more?
If a copper rod and an iron rod of the same length are heated through the same temperature difference, which one will expand more?
Liquids undergo both linear and cubical expansion when heated.
Liquids undergo both linear and cubical expansion when heated.
According to the relationship $\alpha = 2\beta = 3\gamma$, if the coefficient of linear expansion ($\alpha$) of a solid is $6 \times 10^{-6}$ per °C, what is its coefficient of cubical expansion ($\gamma$)?
According to the relationship $\alpha = 2\beta = 3\gamma$, if the coefficient of linear expansion ($\alpha$) of a solid is $6 \times 10^{-6}$ per °C, what is its coefficient of cubical expansion ($\gamma$)?
In Experiment 6.1, the inflation of the balloon tied to the metal bottle demonstrates that gases expand on ________.
In Experiment 6.1, the inflation of the balloon tied to the metal bottle demonstrates that gases expand on ________.
Match the material with its coefficient of linear expansion:
Match the material with its coefficient of linear expansion:
Why is the thermal expansion of gases typically described by the expansion they cause in a container?
Why is the thermal expansion of gases typically described by the expansion they cause in a container?
If three different liquids with equal initial volumes are heated with the same amount of heat, what factor primarily determines the extent of their cubical expansion?
If three different liquids with equal initial volumes are heated with the same amount of heat, what factor primarily determines the extent of their cubical expansion?
Why do liquids primarily undergo cubical expansion rather than linear expansion when heated?
Why do liquids primarily undergo cubical expansion rather than linear expansion when heated?
Why is a gap left between sections of railway tracks?
Why is a gap left between sections of railway tracks?
Liquids experience linear and superficial expansion, similar to solids.
Liquids experience linear and superficial expansion, similar to solids.
Why is mercury used in thermometers instead of other liquids?
Why is mercury used in thermometers instead of other liquids?
During summer, vehicle tires should not be fully inflated to allow for the expansion of ______.
During summer, vehicle tires should not be fully inflated to allow for the expansion of ______.
Match the state of matter with its degree of thermal expansion:
Match the state of matter with its degree of thermal expansion:
Why does pouring hot liquid into a cold glass sometimes cause it to crack?
Why does pouring hot liquid into a cold glass sometimes cause it to crack?
All matter expands equally when heated.
All matter expands equally when heated.
How does the application of fitting an iron rim to a wooden wheel work based on thermal expansion?
How does the application of fitting an iron rim to a wooden wheel work based on thermal expansion?
Flashcards
Thermal Expansion
Thermal Expansion
The expansion of matter as its temperature increases.
Linear Expansion
Linear Expansion
Increase in length of a solid when heated.
Factors Affecting Linear Expansion
Factors Affecting Linear Expansion
The original length of the solid, increase in temperature and nature of material of the solid.
Coefficient of Linear Expansion
Coefficient of Linear Expansion
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Superficial Expansion
Superficial Expansion
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Factors Affecting Superficial Expansion
Factors Affecting Superficial Expansion
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Material's Role in Thermal Expansion
Material's Role in Thermal Expansion
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Expansion across states
Expansion across states
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Coefficient of Superficial Expansion
Coefficient of Superficial Expansion
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Cubical Expansion
Cubical Expansion
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Temperature's Effect on Cubical Expansion
Temperature's Effect on Cubical Expansion
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Original Volume's Effect
Original Volume's Effect
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Material's Nature & Expansion
Material's Nature & Expansion
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Coefficient of Cubical Expansion
Coefficient of Cubical Expansion
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Thermal Expansion Order
Thermal Expansion Order
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Railway Track Gaps
Railway Track Gaps
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Iron Rim on Wooden Wheel
Iron Rim on Wooden Wheel
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Mercury Thermometer
Mercury Thermometer
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Vehicle Tire Inflation
Vehicle Tire Inflation
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Linear Expansion Coefficient
Linear Expansion Coefficient
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α, β, γ Relationship in Solids
α, β, γ Relationship in Solids
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Cubical Expansion in Liquids
Cubical Expansion in Liquids
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Factors Affecting Liquid Expansion
Factors Affecting Liquid Expansion
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Expansion of Gases
Expansion of Gases
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Gases Expand on Heating
Gases Expand on Heating
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Thermal Expansion Comparison
Thermal Expansion Comparison
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Study Notes
- When matter is heated, the kinetic energy of its molecules increases, leading to expansion. This is known as thermal expansion.
Thermal Expansion in Solids
- Solids have a definite shape and volume.
- Heating a solid can change its length, area, or volume.
- A metal lid heats and expands when jammed on a bottle, allowing it to open.
Linear Expansion
- Linear expansion happens as a metal rod's length increases when heated.
- Linear expansion is directly proportional to the original length of the solid.
- Solids with different lengths, when heated equally, causes the longer solid to expand more.
- The amount of increase in temperature directly affects linear expansion in solids.
- Different solid materials have varying temperature tolerances and linear expansion tendencies when heated to the same temp
- The coefficient of linear expansion is the material aspect that justifies these differences.
- The coefficient of linear expansion (α) is calculated as: α = (L₂ - L₁) / (L₁T), where L₁ is the initial length, L₂ is the final length, and T is the temperature increase.
- It is the ratio of the change in length of a heated solid to the change in temperature for the original length.
- Its SI unit is per °C.
Superficial Expansion
- When a solid is heated, it expands superficially, changing in its surface area as its dimensions increase in length and breadth.
- Superficial expansion relies on these factors:
- The more heat provided, the higher the temperature and the more superficial expansion.
- A solid with a larger area undergoes more superficial expansion compared to one with less area when applying the same amount of heat.
- Different materials expand differently such as an iron plate expands more than a copper plate when the same heat is provided.
- The coefficient of superficial expansion assesses a solid's ability to undergo superficial expansion and is the ratio of the change in surface area to the change in temperature for the original surface area.
- For a metal sheet of initial area A₁, if heated to a temperature increase of T and its area increases to A₂, then, the coefficient of superficial expansion (β) is (A₂ - A₁) / (A₁T).
- Its SI unit is per °C.
- When a thin metal sheet with a small hole is heated and expands it makes the hole bigger allowing you to easily insert a nail.
Cubical Expansion
- Cubical expansion, also known as volume expansion, refers to the change in the volume of a solid when heated.
- Cubical expansion relies on the following factors include:
- Increase in temperature which leads to greater cubical expansion.
- Volume: Greater original volume, the more cubical expansion.
- Cubical expansion depends on the nature of the solid material.
- The coefficient of cubical expansion justifies the material nature of the cubical expansion.
- For a solid object with initial volume V₁ heated to a temperature increase of T, and it expands to a change to V₂ then, the coefficient of cubical expansion is (V₂ - V₁) / (V₁T).
- Its SI unit is per °C.
- Linear expansion (α) is related to superficial expansion (β) and cubical expansion (γ) by the equation: α = 2β = 3γ.
Thermal Expansion in Liquids
- The kinetic theory of matter explains expansion in solids because liquid molecules are freer than solids.
- Liquids lack a fixed shape but have a fixed volume.
- Liquids undergo cubical expansion when heated, based on these factors:
- Original volume: A greater volume expands more.
- Change in temperature: More heat causes greater expansion.
- Nature of the liquid: Different liquids expand differently even with the same volume and heat.
Thermal Expansion in Gases
- Gases lack a fixed shape and volume, unlike solids and liquids.
- The expansion of gases is determined by their expansion in a container.
- When heating an empty metal bottle with a balloon tied to its neck, the balloon inflates because the air inside the bottle expands and pushes the balloon walls outward.
Comparison Across States of Matter
- Solids show linear, superficial, and cubical expansion.
- Liquids show only cubical expansion.
- Gases show only cubical expansion.
- Expansion is least in solids, more in liquids, and most in gases.
Applications in Daily Life
In solids
- Gaps are left between railway track sections to accommodate iron expansion, preventing track deformity and derailment, especially during summer.
- Iron rims fitted onto wooden wheels have a slightly smaller diameter than their wooden base. Heat the iron rim before fitting so that is cools down and contracts cooling, fitting firmly on the wooden wheel.
In liquids
- Mercury is used in thermometers because it expands uniformly, doesn't stick, and responds to contact with hot objects.
- Medicine bottles have a marginal gap between the seal and cap so the medicine can expand without breaking the bottle if the medicine is kept in warm conditions e.g. summer.
In gases
- Gas thermometers rely gases to expand
- Tyres should not be fully inflated during the summer months. They should have a small space left in the tire so the that expanding tire can accommodate itself from bursting.
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Description
Explore thermal expansion's effects on solids. Questions cover linear, superficial, and cubical expansion, and the factors influencing them, such as temperature and material properties. Match expansion types with definitions.
