Fire Officer Chpt 6-1

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What are the two forces that cause smoke to pressurize in a building?

Convection heat or smoke speed

Smoke pressure or heat-pushed smoke

Pressure variants or outside airflow

Convection heat or smoke volume (correct)

What is the characteristic of smoke caused by restricted volume?

It rises quickly and then slows gradually

It moves with significant heat and velocity

It is notable but of lesser concern

It immediately slows down and balances with outside airflow (correct)

What is the significance of the speed of smoke in relation to heat?

The speed of smoke is unrelated to heat

The speed of smoke does not indicate its heat

The faster smoke moves, the less heat it has

The faster smoke moves, the more heat it has (correct)

How can the ISO make judgments regarding the location, phase, and spread potential of a fire in a building?

By analyzing the flow characteristic of smoke Signup and view all the answers

What causes turbulent smoke?

Serious heat Signup and view all the answers

What are the characteristics of laminar smoke flow?

Smooth, calm, or following a straight line Signup and view all the answers

What does fast-moving, dirty white smoke indicate?

The smoke has traveled some distance, but a hot fire exists Signup and view all the answers

What does brown smoke from structural spaces indicate?

Unfinished wood is being heated and is decomposing Signup and view all the answers

What does black fire indicate?

Impending autoignition and flashover Signup and view all the answers

How does weather affect smoke movement?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What does low humidity in the air allow smoke to do?

Dissipate more easily Signup and view all the answers

How does wind influence smoke leaving a building?

It can thin and dissipate smoke rapidly Signup and view all the answers

What should be expected if the outside air temperature is well below freezing?

Hot, dark smoke leaving the building turns white almost instantly Signup and view all the answers

What does black fire reaching temperatures of over 1,000°F (538°C) indicate?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What does uniform smoke from multiple openings indicate?

The fire is in a concealed space or deep-seated Signup and view all the answers

What should firefighters expect if they are engaged in an interior fire attack downwind of a wind-fed fire?

Being overrun by the fire as wind can fan flaming Signup and view all the answers

What does humid climates do to the smoke plume?

Keep the smoke plume tight Signup and view all the answers

What does brown smoke from gable-end vents, eaves, and floor seams indicate?

A warning sign of impending collapse Signup and view all the answers

What does the acronym VVDC stand for in the context of fire behavior and smoke attributes?

Volume, Velocity, Density, Color Signup and view all the answers

What is the main warning sign of a backdraft event?

Puffing and sucking of smoke at doors and windows Signup and view all the answers

What best describes the term 'pyrolysis' in the context of fire behavior?

The chemical breakdown of compounds into other substances by heat alone Signup and view all the answers

What does black fire refer to in the context of fire behavior?

A slang term for smoke that is high-volume, ultra-dense, and deep black Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of an ISO (Incident Safety Officer) in reading smoke during a fire incident?

To predict future hostile fire events based on VVDC observations Signup and view all the answers

What does turbulent velocity indicate in the context of reading smoke?

Serious heat and impending flashover Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes flame-over as a hostile fire event?

The ignition and sustained burning of the overhead smoke layer within a room and/or hallway Signup and view all the answers

What is the main characteristic of an explosive growth phase in hostile fire events?

The rapid growth due to reintroduction of combustion air into a ventilation-controlled fire Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of reading smoke in relation to firefighting?

To predict future hostile fire events based on volume, velocity, density, and color observations Signup and view all the answers

What does 'ghosting' refer to as a warning sign in hostile fire events?

The intermittent ignition of small pockets of smoke, usually seen as fingers of flame that dance through the upper smoke layer Signup and view all the answers

What is the concept of thermal balance in a building?

It refers to the heat of combustion collecting at the ceiling and cool air flowing to the fire below it. Signup and view all the answers

How does inadequate airflow disrupt thermal balance in a building?

By causing more incomplete combustion and creating denser smoke, disrupting the balance. Signup and view all the answers

What does 'light smoke showing' from a very large building indicate?

A large, dangerous fire inside the building. Signup and view all the answers

What should change in a positive, continuous manner if firefighting efforts are appropriate?

Smoke velocity should gradually slow down. Signup and view all the answers

What should an ISO do if smoke becomes darker and thicker when ventilation fans are used?

Stop using the ventilation fans as they are making conditions worse. Signup and view all the answers

What is positive pressure attack (PPA) used for?

To create a controlled air and exhaust flow path to improve smoke conditions and firefighter safety. Signup and view all the answers

When should an ISO intervene to stop or alter PPA tactics?

When smoke leaving other portions of the building intensifies and becomes darker and thicker. Signup and view all the answers

What three-step process can be used for reading smoke?

View, Analyze, Determine Signup and view all the answers

How does weather affect reading smoke attributes?

"Weather can change each attribute of smoke depending on its severity." Signup and view all the answers

Which attribute should an ISO observe to determine if positive-pressure ventilation (PPV) tactics are helping or hurting fire suppression efforts?

Smoke volume Signup and view all the answers

What does 'sucking', 'puffing', and 'breathing' signs indicate about a fire?

The fire is out of thermal balance. Signup and view all the answers

According to the text, how does thermal balance affect firefighting efforts?

Thermal balance can indicate whether firefighting efforts are succeeding or not. Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of reading smoke for ISOs?

To predict the behavior and potential of the fire Signup and view all the answers

What does thick, black, fast smoke indicate?

Super-hot smoke capable of instant ignition Signup and view all the answers

Which phase of ventilation-controlled fire behavior is often triggered by firefighters opening a door for fire attack?

Explosive growth Signup and view all the answers

What does low-volume white smoke from multiple locations in a large building indicate?

Deep-seated fire within the building Signup and view all the answers

What does yellowish-gray smoke from cracks or seams indicate?

Sulfur compounds present in the fire Signup and view all the answers

What are the factors that affect flow paths and compartmentalized fire growth?

Compartment size and building materials Signup and view all the answers

What is the best solution upon entry for firefighters when facing explosive growth event?

Begin protective cooling of ceilings and walls Signup and view all the answers

What is the main cause of a smoke explosion?

Sudden ignition by sparks Signup and view all the answers

Why has the four-phase fire behavior model become obsolete for building fires?

Because it cannot account for modern compartmentalized fire behavior Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of reading smoke in predicting fire behavior?

To allow ISOs to predict what the fire will do next Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of turbulent smoke filling a box?

It indicates a warning sign of impending flashover Signup and view all the answers

How can ISOs refine their read on fire behavior and firefighting effectiveness?

By determining the rate of change of each attribute and looking for positive changes in smoke conditions Signup and view all the answers

What does turbulent smoke that has filled a compartment indicate?

A flashover is imminent. Signup and view all the answers

What does the color of smoke indicate?

The stage of heating and the location of the fire in a building. Signup and view all the answers

What does high velocity and very thin (low density) black smoke indicate?

Flame-pushed fire. Signup and view all the answers

What does thick, laminar-flowing smoke indicate?

The box is still absorbing heat. Signup and view all the answers

What does white smoke emitted when materials are first heated mostly consist of?

Moisture, airborne solids, gases, and aerosols. Signup and view all the answers

Fire Officer Chpt 6-1

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Questions and Answers

What are the two forces that cause smoke to pressurize in a building?

What is the characteristic of smoke caused by restricted volume?

What is the significance of the speed of smoke in relation to heat?

How can the ISO make judgments regarding the location, phase, and spread potential of a fire in a building?

What causes turbulent smoke?

What are the characteristics of laminar smoke flow?

What does fast-moving, dirty white smoke indicate?

What does brown smoke from structural spaces indicate?

What does black fire indicate?

How does weather affect smoke movement?

What does low humidity in the air allow smoke to do?

How does wind influence smoke leaving a building?

What should be expected if the outside air temperature is well below freezing?

What does black fire reaching temperatures of over 1,000°F (538°C) indicate?

What does uniform smoke from multiple openings indicate?

What should firefighters expect if they are engaged in an interior fire attack downwind of a wind-fed fire?

What does humid climates do to the smoke plume?

What does brown smoke from gable-end vents, eaves, and floor seams indicate?

What does the acronym VVDC stand for in the context of fire behavior and smoke attributes?

What is the main warning sign of a backdraft event?

What best describes the term 'pyrolysis' in the context of fire behavior?

What does black fire refer to in the context of fire behavior?

What is the primary role of an ISO (Incident Safety Officer) in reading smoke during a fire incident?

What does turbulent velocity indicate in the context of reading smoke?

What distinguishes flame-over as a hostile fire event?

What is the main characteristic of an explosive growth phase in hostile fire events?

What is the primary purpose of reading smoke in relation to firefighting?

What does 'ghosting' refer to as a warning sign in hostile fire events?

What is the concept of thermal balance in a building?

How does inadequate airflow disrupt thermal balance in a building?

What does 'light smoke showing' from a very large building indicate?

What should change in a positive, continuous manner if firefighting efforts are appropriate?

What should an ISO do if smoke becomes darker and thicker when ventilation fans are used?

What is positive pressure attack (PPA) used for?

When should an ISO intervene to stop or alter PPA tactics?

What three-step process can be used for reading smoke?

How does weather affect reading smoke attributes?

Which attribute should an ISO observe to determine if positive-pressure ventilation (PPV) tactics are helping or hurting fire suppression efforts?

What does 'sucking', 'puffing', and 'breathing' signs indicate about a fire?

According to the text, how does thermal balance affect firefighting efforts?

What is the main purpose of reading smoke for ISOs?

What does thick, black, fast smoke indicate?

Which phase of ventilation-controlled fire behavior is often triggered by firefighters opening a door for fire attack?

What does low-volume white smoke from multiple locations in a large building indicate?

What does yellowish-gray smoke from cracks or seams indicate?

What are the factors that affect flow paths and compartmentalized fire growth?

What is the best solution upon entry for firefighters when facing explosive growth event?

What is the main cause of a smoke explosion?

Why has the four-phase fire behavior model become obsolete for building fires?

What is the primary purpose of reading smoke in predicting fire behavior?

What is the significance of turbulent smoke filling a box?

How can ISOs refine their read on fire behavior and firefighting effectiveness?

What does turbulent smoke that has filled a compartment indicate?

What does the color of smoke indicate?

What does high velocity and very thin (low density) black smoke indicate?

What does thick, laminar-flowing smoke indicate?

What does white smoke emitted when materials are first heated mostly consist of?

What does thick black smoke in a compartment reduce the chance of due to smoke toxicology?

What does the density of smoke refer to?

What does brown smoke from structural spaces indicate?

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