Thermal Analysis Techniques and Properties Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What are the factors that can affect the mass and temperature measurements in TG?

Sample size and packing, heating rate, type of pan used in the instrument, gas flow (atmosphere the instrument is in), electrostatic effects, condensation and reaction, buoyancy, sample holder, and reaction enthalpy.

How are samples handled in thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC)?

Samples are airtight sealed, and the lid is pierced just before measurements are taken, or stored in ceramic crucibles, and the lid is removed just before the experiments, or stored in sample changers to prevent loss of moisture or absorption of water.

What is the purpose of evolved gas analysis (EGA) in thermal analysis?

EGA is used to study the gas evolved from a heated sample undergoing decomposition/desorption.

What is the main difference between differential thermal analysis (DTA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC)?

DTA measures the temperature difference against a reference sample, while DSC measures the difference in heating power needed on a sample. Signup and view all the answers

What does thermomechanical analysis (TMA) measure?

TMA measures changes in the dimension of a material when the temperature changes and when the level of stress on the material changes. Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of adding plasticizers to polymers?

Plasticizers modify the properties of amorphous materials (i.e., polymers) by decreasing the glass transition temperature with increasing plasticizer content, making the material more rubbery-elastic. Signup and view all the answers

What is thermal analysis, and what properties of a sample can be monitored during this process?

Thermal analysis is a group of techniques in which a property of the sample is monitored against time or temperature while the temperature of the sample, in a specified atmosphere, is programmed. Properties that can be monitored include mass, volatiles, temperature, heat or heat flux, dimensions, acoustical properties, electrical properties, magnetic properties, optical properties, and radioactive decay. Signup and view all the answers

List some thermoanalytical techniques and their corresponding acronyms.

Examples include Thermogravimetry (TG or TGA), Evolved Gas Analysis (EGA), Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Thermodilatometry (TD), Thermomechanical Analysis (TMA), Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA), Thermosonimetry, Thermoacoustimetry, Thermoelectrometry, Thermomagnetometry, and Thermooptometry. Signup and view all the answers

What is the principle behind thermogravimetry (TG), and what is its significance in thermal analysis?

TG determines sample purity, decomposition behavior, and chemical kinetics by measuring the changes in the mass of the sample as a function of temperature or time in a controlled atmosphere. Signup and view all the answers

What are the essential components of a TG instrument?

Essential components include the balance and furnace (thermobalance), sample chamber, and instrument to control data handling. Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the analytical balance in a TG instrument?

The analytical balance with a sensitivity of 1 microgram is central to the TG instrument. Signup and view all the answers

What types of information can be obtained from thermogravimetry (TG) analysis?

TG determines sample purity, decomposition behavior, and chemical kinetics. Signup and view all the answers

The technique of _______________ is used to analyze the change in mass of a sample as a function of temperature or time.

thermogravimetry Signup and view all the answers

_______________ is a technique used to analyze the volatiles evolved during a thermogravimetric experiment.

Evolved Gas Analysis Signup and view all the answers

Thermoanalytical methods are used to characterize the ______________ properties of materials.

thermal Signup and view all the answers

Thermoanalytical techniques can be used to study the ______________ of polymers.

characterization Signup and view all the answers

DMU stands for a type of ______________ that is used to analyze the thermal properties of materials.

thermoanalytical method Signup and view all the answers

The technique of ______ is used to analyze the gas evolved during thermal decomposition of a sample.

evolved gas analysis Signup and view all the answers

Thermogravimetry (TGA) is a technique used to measure the changes in ______ of a sample as a function of temperature.

mass Signup and view all the answers

Thermoanalytical methods are used to characterize the ______ properties of materials.

thermal Signup and view all the answers

Polymers are often characterized by their ______ properties, which can be measured using thermoanalytical techniques.

thermal Signup and view all the answers

Thermogravimetry (TGA) is a popular technique used to study the ______ of materials, such as polymers and ceramics.

decomposition Signup and view all the answers

Samples are stored in a __________ crucible and lid is removed just before experiment.

ceramic Signup and view all the answers

Evolved gas analysis (EGA) is a method used to study the gas evolved from a heated sample that undergoes __________ or desorption.

decomposition Signup and view all the answers

In EGA, it is possible to detect which gas is evolved using evolved gas detection (EGD) often performed by coupling EGA with __________ (MS).

Mass Spectrometry Signup and view all the answers

Companies such as PerkinElmer, Mettler Tolledo, and SETARAM Instrumentation provide __________ instrumentation.

thermo-analytical Signup and view all the answers

A simultaneous TG-MS-EGA was used to study __________ Oxalate CaC2O4.H2O.

Calcium Signup and view all the answers

Thermal analysis is defined by ______________ as “a group of techniques in which a property of the sample is monitored against time or temperature while the temperature of the sample, in a specified atmosphere, is programmed.”

ICTAC Signup and view all the answers

_______________ is a technique used to analyze the change in mass of a sample as a function of temperature or time.

Thermogravimetry Signup and view all the answers

Evolved gas analysis (_______________) is used to analyze the volatiles evolved during a thermogravimetric experiment.

EGA Signup and view all the answers

Thermoanalytical techniques can be used to study the thermal properties of ______________.

polymers Signup and view all the answers

DMU stands for a type of university that is used to analyze the thermal properties of ______________.

materials Signup and view all the answers

There are three main possibilities to place the ______ relative to the balance and furnace.

sample Signup and view all the answers

Evolved gas analysis: ______ is used to analyze the gas evolved during thermal decomposition of a sample.

EGA Signup and view all the answers

In quasi-isothermal TG, the heating is slowed down when a ______ change begins.

weight Signup and view all the answers

Water/moisture content = (A - D) * 100% => ______ content = (A - D) * 100%.

water Signup and view all the answers

To resolve overlapping thermal reactions, the ______ derivative of Dm vs. T (DTG) curve is calculated.

1st Signup and view all the answers

The area under the ______ curve is proportional to this mass change.

DTG Signup and view all the answers

Evolved gas analysis is used to analyze the ______ during thermal decomposition of a sample.

gas Signup and view all the answers

This variation in mass can be either a ______ of mass or a gain of mass.

loss Signup and view all the answers

Thermoanalytical methods are used to study the ______ properties of materials.

thermal Signup and view all the answers

TG was originally developed by ______ in 1915.

K.Honda Signup and view all the answers

TG determines the ______ of a sample, among other properties.

purity Signup and view all the answers

Thermogravimetry is a technique used to measure the changes in ______ of a sample as a function of temperature.

mass Signup and view all the answers

The technique of ______ is used to analyze the change in mass of a sample as a function of temperature or time.

Thermogravimetry Signup and view all the answers

The decomposition of Calcium Oxalate results in the formation of ______ among other products.

carbon dioxide Signup and view all the answers

The essential components of TG include a ______, thermobalance, furnace, sample chamber, and instrument control/data handling.

balance Signup and view all the answers

Purged gas such as ______ is used in TG instruments.

N2 Signup and view all the answers

EGA is a method used to study the ______ evolved from a heated sample.

gas Signup and view all the answers

Thermoanalytical methods are used to characterize the ______ properties of materials.

thermal Signup and view all the answers

Polymers are often characterized by their ______ properties, which can be measured using thermoanalytical techniques.

thermal Signup and view all the answers

Thermoanalytical methods are used to study the ______ of materials, such as polymers and ceramics.

thermal behaviour Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Thermoanalytical Methods

Definition: Thermal analysis is a group of techniques in which a property of the sample is monitored against time or temperature while the temperature of the sample, in a specified atmosphere, is programmed.

Thermogravimetry (TGA)

Measures the change in mass of a sample as a function of temperature or time in a controlled atmosphere.
Essential components:
- Balance (thermobalance)
- Furnace
- Sample chamber
- Instrument control and data handling
Three main possibilities to place the sample relative to the balance and furnace:
- Sample furnace (a)
- Horizontal balance (b)
- Suspended (c)

Applications of TGA

Drying/water content: measures mass loss due to water evaporation
Decomposition behavior: measures mass loss or gain due to chemical reactions
Chemical kinetics: measures the rate of chemical reactions
Sample purity: measures the mass loss or gain due to impurities

Evolved Gas Analysis (EGA)

Studies the gas evolved from a heated sample undergoing decomposition or desorption
Often coupled with techniques such as:
- Mass spectrometry (MS)
- Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR)
- Gas chromatography (GC)

Instrument Control and Data Handling

Modern features:
- PC incorporated into most commercially available instruments
- Heating and cooling cycles controlled by PC
- Data storage and handling
Resolving overlapping thermal reactions:
- Calculating the 1st derivative of Dm vs.T (DTG) curve
- Using isothermal heating or very slow heating rates
- Quasi-isothermal TG (high resolution or controlled-rate TG)

TG Example: Decomposition of Calcium Oxalate

Mass loss due to water evaporation and decomposition of calcium oxalate
Temperature range: 200-900°C
Gases evolved: H2O, CO, CO2

Companies

PerkinElmer, USA
Mettler Toledo, Switzerland
SETARAM Instrumentation, France

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Learn about thermal analysis techniques that monitor various properties of a sample as its temperature changes. Discover the different properties that can be measured, from mass and dimensions to optical and magnetic properties.

Thermal Analysis: Techniques and Properties

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Questions and Answers

What are the factors that can affect the mass and temperature measurements in TG?

How are samples handled in thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC)?

What is the purpose of evolved gas analysis (EGA) in thermal analysis?

What is the main difference between differential thermal analysis (DTA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC)?

What does thermomechanical analysis (TMA) measure?

What is the purpose of adding plasticizers to polymers?

What is thermal analysis, and what properties of a sample can be monitored during this process?

List some thermoanalytical techniques and their corresponding acronyms.

What is the principle behind thermogravimetry (TG), and what is its significance in thermal analysis?

What are the essential components of a TG instrument?

What is the role of the analytical balance in a TG instrument?

What types of information can be obtained from thermogravimetry (TG) analysis?

The technique of _______________ is used to analyze the change in mass of a sample as a function of temperature or time.

_______________ is a technique used to analyze the volatiles evolved during a thermogravimetric experiment.

Thermoanalytical methods are used to characterize the ______________ properties of materials.

Thermoanalytical techniques can be used to study the ______________ of polymers.

DMU stands for a type of ______________ that is used to analyze the thermal properties of materials.

The technique of ______ is used to analyze the gas evolved during thermal decomposition of a sample.

Thermogravimetry (TGA) is a technique used to measure the changes in ______ of a sample as a function of temperature.

Thermoanalytical methods are used to characterize the ______ properties of materials.

Polymers are often characterized by their ______ properties, which can be measured using thermoanalytical techniques.

Thermogravimetry (TGA) is a popular technique used to study the ______ of materials, such as polymers and ceramics.

Samples are stored in a __________ crucible and lid is removed just before experiment.

Evolved gas analysis (EGA) is a method used to study the gas evolved from a heated sample that undergoes __________ or desorption.

In EGA, it is possible to detect which gas is evolved using evolved gas detection (EGD) often performed by coupling EGA with __________ (MS).

Companies such as PerkinElmer, Mettler Tolledo, and SETARAM Instrumentation provide __________ instrumentation.

A simultaneous TG-MS-EGA was used to study __________ Oxalate CaC2O4.H2O.

Thermal analysis is defined by ______________ as “a group of techniques in which a property of the sample is monitored against time or temperature while the temperature of the sample, in a specified atmosphere, is programmed.”

_______________ is a technique used to analyze the change in mass of a sample as a function of temperature or time.

Evolved gas analysis (_______________) is used to analyze the volatiles evolved during a thermogravimetric experiment.

Thermoanalytical techniques can be used to study the thermal properties of ______________.

DMU stands for a type of university that is used to analyze the thermal properties of ______________.

There are three main possibilities to place the ______ relative to the balance and furnace.

Evolved gas analysis: ______ is used to analyze the gas evolved during thermal decomposition of a sample.

In quasi-isothermal TG, the heating is slowed down when a ______ change begins.

Water/moisture content = (A - D) * 100% => ______ content = (A - D) * 100%.

To resolve overlapping thermal reactions, the ______ derivative of Dm vs. T (DTG) curve is calculated.

The area under the ______ curve is proportional to this mass change.

Evolved gas analysis is used to analyze the ______ during thermal decomposition of a sample.

This variation in mass can be either a ______ of mass or a gain of mass.

Thermoanalytical methods are used to study the ______ properties of materials.

TG was originally developed by ______ in 1915.

TG determines the ______ of a sample, among other properties.

Thermogravimetry is a technique used to measure the changes in ______ of a sample as a function of temperature.

The technique of ______ is used to analyze the change in mass of a sample as a function of temperature or time.

The decomposition of Calcium Oxalate results in the formation of ______ among other products.

The essential components of TG include a ______, thermobalance, furnace, sample chamber, and instrument control/data handling.

Purged gas such as ______ is used in TG instruments.

EGA is a method used to study the ______ evolved from a heated sample.

Thermoanalytical methods are used to characterize the ______ properties of materials.

Polymers are often characterized by their ______ properties, which can be measured using thermoanalytical techniques.

Thermoanalytical methods are used to study the ______ of materials, such as polymers and ceramics.

Study Notes

Thermoanalytical Methods

Thermogravimetry (TGA)

Applications of TGA

Evolved Gas Analysis (EGA)

Instrument Control and Data Handling

TG Example: Decomposition of Calcium Oxalate

Companies

Studying That Suits You

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