Lecture #1 - Principles of Assessment

Subjective data captures personal, unverifiable patient reports, while objective data provides observable, measurable facts that inform clinical decisions.

Validity ensures that a test accurately measures what it intends to assess, while reliability guarantees consistent results across multiple test executions.

Inter-rater reliability refers to consistency of results among different assessors, while intra-rater reliability pertains to consistency of results from the same assessor over time.

<p>Sensitivity measures the ability to correctly identify true positives, while specificity reflects the ability to correctly identify true negatives in individuals with and without the pathology, respectively.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Clinical reasoning integrates professional knowledge, personal experience, and professional craft knowledge to guide clinicians in making informed decisions regarding patient care.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ongoing assessments provide a continuous base of information for decision-making and medical referrals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Professional craft knowledge is gained through clinical experience, while personal knowledge is based on individual life experiences.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A clinician should consider common pathologies, life-threatening conditions, and rarer pathologies that may present similarly.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Clinical reasoning helps to weigh probabilities and identify distinguishing features among similar presenting diseases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Validity ensures that a test accurately measures what it is supposed to measure, yielding correct results.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hardware issues pertain to physical limitations or mechanical problems, while software issues involve movement coordination or motor control flaws.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Specificity refers to the probability of obtaining a negative test result for individuals who do not have the pathology.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The interaction leads to enhanced clinical decision-making and improved patient care.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>5-7 seconds.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Taking a break between the 1st and 2nd test.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>On a scale from 0 to 4.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Simple reflex arc.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Jendrassik's maneuver.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Relaxed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Passive Range of Motion (PROM).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Information from history and early inspection.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It can irritate tissues and cause inaccurate findings.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Save it until the end of the assessment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It provides a reference for symmetry, alignment, and color of the superficial tissues.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The anatomical barrier refers to the maximum range of motion achievable by the patient without assistance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Inert and contractile tissues.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The patient must be relaxed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>If AROM is full and pain-free.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It aims to gauge the muscle's ability to produce force against resistance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hard, soft, and firm.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It suggests a software issue, meaning the AROM constraints are due to patient contributions rather than structural limitations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Function of specific muscles, arthrokinematics, neurological function, selective tissues, and integrity of ligaments.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Anaesthesia, paresthesia, and hyperesthesia.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It indicates that the clinician is considering multiple potential serious conditions to avoid missing something vital.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They should avoid it because 'diagnosis' implies a definitive conclusion based on exhaustive testing, which may not always be appropriate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fair, where the patient can move the body part against gravity through the full range of motion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The steps are explaining what and why you’re doing it, how you’re doing it, the risks, and reasonable alternatives.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Roll, glide, and spin.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Legal requirement, communication, and organization.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Myotomes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The acronym is CCASSEL, and 'C' stands for Chronological and timely.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is determined by the resistance felt at the end of a joint's range of motion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Subjective, Objective, Assessment, Plan.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Speaking.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Facial expressions, eye contact, posture, positioning, gestures, attitude, tone, and distractors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They should be performed multiple times, as indicated in the 16 steps of assessment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Look.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Leading questions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Functional deficits, abnormalities of alignment and movement, visible defects.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>One aspect at a time.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An index of suspicion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Symptoms like unrelenting pain, history of cancer, or unexplained neurological deficits.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Medications, Menstruation/pregnancy/menopause, Family history.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Determine if the knees are relaxed or locked in extension.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pottenger's saucer refers to a loss of kyphotic curve, correlated with digestive disorders.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Factors include hypermobile joints, hypomobile joints, leg-length discrepancies, lack of postural awareness, pain, neurological pathology, muscle imbalances, and bony abnormalities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To assess potential causes of symptoms that may be referred from another location or involve multiple body parts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Clearing examines joints above and below an injury, while scanning looks at multiple areas potentially related to the complaint.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<ol> <li>Diffuse/non-specific MOI, 2) Insidious onset, 3) Altered sensation, 4) Long track signs, 5) Many joints involved, 6) Radicular signs.</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It implies that symptoms may be influenced by impairments from various body regions, regardless of proximity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Perform T-spine PAIVMs (Passive Accessory Intervertebral Movements).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It includes evaluating gait and conducting functional tests.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To establish a baseline and avoid exacerbating pain early in the assessment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It indicates upper motor neuron pathologies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To assess whether breathing is primarily chest or abdominal and to check for anterior, lateral, and posterior expansion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pain can result in antalgic posture, where the body adopts a position to avoid discomfort.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>C4 - deltoid, C5 - biceps, C6 - brachioradialis, C7 - triceps.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Both should be positioned for comfort and efficiency, minimizing stress and maximizing assessment accuracy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Subjective data refers to information that cannot be specifically verified, while objective data consists of observable facts that can be visually assessed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sensitivity measures the probability of a true positive result in someone with the pathology, while specificity measures the probability of a true negative result in someone without the pathology.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Clinical reasoning helps clinicians weigh the probabilities of various diseases by comparing symptoms and identifying potential pathologies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Clinicians should consider the most common pathologies, life-threatening conditions with similar presentations, and rarer pathologies that may also align.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>'Hardware' refers to physical movement restrictions or mechanical issues, while 'software' pertains to flaws in movement coordination or motor control.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ongoing assessment provides a base of information that informs appropriate medical decisions and referrals throughout treatment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>This interaction enhances a clinician's ability to make informed and reasonable decisions regarding a patient's health and care.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Validity indicates that a test accurately measures what it is supposed to measure, ensuring that the results are true.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>5-7 seconds.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>3 to 5 times.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Jendrassik’s maneuver.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Save them until the end of the assessment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>After other tests.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Move slowly, avoid excessive pressure, and focus on what you’re feeling.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Information from history and early inspection.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Texture, tenderness, temperature, tissue tension, thickness, tremors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Passive Range of Motion (PROM).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It suggests that the clinician is considering multiple potential serious conditions to avoid missing something significant.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They include the purpose of treatment, how it will be done, associated risks, and reasonable alternatives.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Documentation serves to provide a formal record of patient interactions which can be referred to in legal circumstances.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Subjective, Objective, Assessment, Plan.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Leading questions can bias responses and lead to inaccurate clinical impressions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To identify functional deficits, abnormalities of alignment and movement, and visible defects.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Attention should be focused on one aspect at a time, gradually increasing to multiple aspects as expertise grows.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An index of suspicion related to the patient's condition.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chronological, Confidential, Accurate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Paraphrasing helps clarify patient responses and confirms understanding.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>History, Observation, Examination, Clinical Impression.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>These red flags help identify serious underlying conditions that need immediate attention.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Functional deficits refer to limitations in a patient's ability to perform daily activities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Facial expressions and eye contact.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It correlates a loss of kyphotic curve with digestive disorders.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hypermobile joints and pain.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>'Clearing' involves assessing joints above and below an injured area, while 'scanning' refers to examining specific quadrants or areas of the body.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It suggests that musculoskeletal symptoms may be influenced by impairments from various body regions, regardless of proximity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Peripheral joint movements and UQ myotomes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To avoid exacerbating the patient's discomfort and ensure a more accurate assessment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hyperreflexia and ataxia.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To maintain good body mechanics and avoid personal stress.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Muscle strength through myotome testing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Skin conditions like wounds can indicate possible underlying issues or complicate the assessment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It involves assessing gait and performing functional tests.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It provides a reference for symmetry, alignment, and color of the superficial tissues.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>AROM is what the patient can achieve on their own, while PROM measures how far the joint can move with external assistance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It assesses alignment and stability of the person when they squat.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sensory, motor, and reflex functions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Shingles typically follows a dermatomal pattern.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>L4 – patellar reflex, L5 – Achilles reflex, and S1 – medial hamstring reflex.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hard, soft, and firm.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>If AROM is full and pain-free, overpressure does not produce symptoms, or the end feel is normal.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It describes the boundary between what the patient can actively achieve and the maximum passive movement of the joint.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Inert and contractile tissues.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It suggests a 'software issue', meaning the muscular contribution to movement is impaired rather than a mechanical limitation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>0/5 (no contraction), 1/5 (trace contraction), 2/5 (poor movement), 3/5 (fair movement against gravity), 4/5 (good resistance), 5/5 (normal resistance).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Range of movement, the onset and location of pain, and the quality of the end feel.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The contractile and nervous tissues involved in producing force.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Because it often relies on the patient's cooperation, and they may limit movement due to pain or discomfort.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Inert, contractile, and nervous tissues.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It provides insight into the patient’s control, coordination, and efficiency of the movement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Subjective data provides personal insights from the patient, while objective data offers measurable evidence; together, they create a comprehensive picture for clinical decision-making.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Considering life-threatening pathologies ensures that critical conditions are not overlooked and appropriate interventions are prioritized.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ongoing assessments provide continuous updates to patient data, allowing for informed adjustments to treatment plans as the patient's condition evolves.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reliability ensures that consistent results can be achieved when the same clinician conducts a test multiple times, enhancing the test's credibility.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Differential diagnosis helps clinicians evaluate and compare potential diseases based on presenting symptoms, guiding accurate diagnosis and treatment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>This interplay incorporates empirical evidence, personal experiences, and practical insights, leading to more informed and nuanced clinical decisions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hardware issues refer to physical limitations affecting movement, while software issues pertain to coordination or control; both can hinder accurate assessment outcomes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Assuming normative data allows clinicians to identify deviations from expected patterns, guiding them toward potential pathologies likely present in the patient.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is used as a distraction technique to engage lower extremity reflexes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Four superficial reflexes are mentioned.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>0/4 indicates no response.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The focus should be on gently feeling the tissues to determine their condition.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Each test should be held for 5 to 7 seconds.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Information from the patient's history and early inspection.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It prevents tissue irritation that could result in inaccurate findings.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A grading of 3/4 indicates hyper reflexivity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It should be saved until the end of the assessment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It indicates that you are considering not missing something substantial or serious.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It should be avoided because 'diagnosis' implies a more exact and exhaustive process based on accurate testing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Always avoid leading questions during history taking.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The acronym is 'Wisdom Hates Rebels Against it'.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The two components are speaking and listening.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An index of suspicion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Functional deficits, abnormalities of alignment and movement, and visible defects.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chronological, Confidential, Accurate, Suitable abbreviations, Signed, Error correction, and Legible.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It encompasses aspects like facial expressions, eye contact, posture, gestures, and tone.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is a legal requirement and vital for maintaining trust in the healthcare provider-patient relationship.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It indicates improvement in muscle strength or functional capabilities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>At least two critical rule-outs should be performed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Patience allows for a thorough and detailed evaluation of the patient's condition over time.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>You should paraphrase their response for clarification.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pathology of individual ligaments, joint capsules, and musculotendinous units.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To evaluate for hypermobility, hypomobility, laxity, and instability.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Inert and contractile tissues.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It describes the limit of movement before pain or resistance is felt, indicating available ROM.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Quality of movement, quantity of movement, and timing of pain onset.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A relaxed patient allows for more accurate assessment of inert tissue movement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It suggests that the patient is limiting the test due to pain, making it difficult to assess joint range.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>In a neutral/static position to assess the muscle's ability to produce force without movement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Longitudinal, anterior-posterior, and posterior-anterior.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>5/5, which indicates that the patient can resist against maximal pressure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To confirm a tentative clinical impression and to unravel difficult signs and symptoms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dermatomes and the presence of anesthesia, paresthesia, or hyperesthesia.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It indicates a software issue, where the movement is limited by the patient’s contribution.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It stands for the 13 new aspects to observe for spinal assessments, including weight, knee alignment, scapulae, and dynamic observations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pottenger's saucer indicates a loss of kyphotic curve correlated with digestive disorders, suggesting an interplay between spinal health and digestion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Muscle imbalances can influence posture, such as weak abdominal muscles leading to increased pelvic angles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Scanning examines broader regions of the body while clearing focuses specifically on joints above and below the site of injury.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Regional interdependence refers to how musculoskeletal symptoms in one area may be influenced by conditions in different body regions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>T-spine PACVPs, peripheral joint assessments, UQ myotomes, UQ dermatomes, and UQ reflex testing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Testing non-painful movements first helps assess function without aggravating the patient, gathering essential baseline data.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pain is often referred from proximal (spinal) to distal joints, contributing to additional dysfunction in areas not directly injured.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Observing the balance between chest vs. abdomen breathing provides insights into respiratory mechanics and potential dysfunction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It represents cases that require scanning exams: Diffuse injury, Insidious onset, Altered sensation, Long track signs, several joints, and Radicular symptoms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Patient positioning is essential for comfort, facilitating effective gravitational effects, and enhancing test accuracy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Testing painful movements last prevents potential distress and ensures all necessary tests can be completed without interruption.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Knee alignment, such as genu valgum/varum, can impact overall posture and biomechanics, indicating possible underlying issues.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Inhibition of the long thoracic nerve can cause winging of the scapula, affecting shoulder mechanics and stability.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Subjective data</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To weigh the probability of one disease against others that may account for a patient's illness.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>repeated</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Validity = Correctly measures what it is supposed to measure Sensitivity = Probability of a positive test result in someone with pathology Reliability = Consistency of test results Clinical reasoning = Process clinicians use to make decisions about patient care</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tissue limitations</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Professional knowledge, Personal knowledge, or Professional craft knowledge.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>One</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>0 to 4</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>PROM</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Deep tendon = Simple reflex arc, performed 3 to 5 times. Superficial = Indicates upper motor neuron lesions. Pathological = Reflexes that are normally not present.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Taking a break</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Move slowly, avoid excessive pressure, focus on what you’re feeling.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Capillary</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Muscle flexibility</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hyper, Hypo, Leg, Lack, Pain, Neuro, Muscle, Density, Bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Shingles</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Weight = COG assessment Knee alignment = Leg posture Chest deformities = Pulmonary function Breathing = Respiratory assessment</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Altered sensation in the limb</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To determine hypermobility or hypomobility in the joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Diffused/non-specific MOI, Insidious onset, Altered sensation, Long track signs/symptoms, Several joints involved, Radicular signs/symptoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>normal</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Active Range of Motion</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Painful movements</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>physiological</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>AROM = Movement performed by the patient themselves PROM = Movement performed by an external force ISOM = Strength testing in a neutral position Joint play = Accessory motions present in joint movement</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Palpation, Active, Compression, Vibration, Pain</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>clearing</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Patient's medical history</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>C3 = Neck and upper shoulder C5 = Anterior arm L4 = Ankle dorsiflexion S1 = Plantarflexion of ankle</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Function, Arthrokinematics, Neurological function, Selective tissues, Integrity of ligaments and joint capsules</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>hyperesthesia</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sensory</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>You are considering the possibility of a significant issue</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Spasm</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>What and why you're doing, How you're doing it, The risks and impact, Reasonable alternatives</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>5</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>When there are limitations in AROM</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Signed/ co-signed</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Subjective, Objective, Assessment, Plan</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Legal requirement = 1 Communication = 2 Organization = 3 Improve and maintain quality of care = 4 Research data = 5</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Spoken and written language</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>index</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Unexplained weight loss</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Feel, Assess, Listen</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lawyers Create Orderly Budgets, Overseeing Research for Quality Care</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Medications, Menstruation, Family history, Fracture history, Chronic illnesses, Vertebral basilar insufficiency</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fatiguability.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>3 to 5.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It can irritate the tissues and cause inaccurate findings.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Normal reflex activity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It should be engaged for all reflex tests to avoid exaggerated responses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Texture, Tenderness, Temperature, Tissue tension, Thickness, Tremors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Your clinical impression and a minimum of 2 differential diagnoses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Indicates clonus and suggests an upper motor neuron lesion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Check capillary refill.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It helps identify the day-to-day impact and potential kinetic chain dysfunctions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It indicates that the clinician is considering not missing something substantial or serious.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The term 'diagnosis' is more exact and exhaustive, typically reliant on more accurate testing processes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It represents 13 aspects to examine, including Weight, Are the knees relaxed, Scapulae, and more.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<ol> <li>What and why you’re doing it 2. How you’re doing it 3. Risks and impacts 4. Reasonable alternatives.</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hypermobile joints, Lack of postural awareness, and Muscle imbalances.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<ol> <li>Chronological and timely 2. Confidential 3. Accurate.</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To assess a broader area for potential issues related to a specific complaint.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<ol> <li>Functional deficits 2. Abnormalities of alignment and movement 3. Visible defects.</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To protect patient privacy and ensure that sensitive information is not disclosed inappropriately.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It indicates that symptoms may be affected by impairments in different body areas, not just the site of pain.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Twenty history red flags should be examined.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It involves examining the joints above and below an area of concern.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Spoken language and written language.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Physical examination tests and functional performance tests.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Observe for whether the patient breathes using the chest or abdomen.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<ol> <li>Feel 2. Assess 3. Listen 4. Look 5. Test 6. Record.</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Patient comfort and gravity influence should be prioritized.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Attention should be focused on one aspect at a time.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Inspection provides a reference for symmetry, alignment, and color of the superficial tissues.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Contractile and inert tissues.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To establish an index of suspicion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Scanning refers to a focused examination of a specific body part or quadrant, looking for issues.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To evaluate the patient's gait and functional capabilities during movement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The observation begins on the first sight of the patient.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Passive movements may be unnecessary.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>T-spine PACVPs, Peripheral joints assessment, LQ myotomes, LQ dermatomes, and LQ reflexes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It indicates the patient may not allow full assessment due to pain or discomfort.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A history of cancer can indicate potential cancer-related complications during assessment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Anatomical barriers refer to what the patient can reach independently, while physiological barriers indicate how far the joint can physically move.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<ol> <li>Facial expressions 2. Eye contact 3. Tone.</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It establishes a baseline for comparison against the affected side.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Error correction and ensuring that blank spaces are not left unaddressed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hypermobility, hypomobility, laxity, and instability.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Start with non-painful movements and reserve painful movements for testing last.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Knee alignment can provide insight into lower limb and spinal mechanics.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The range of movement, when and where onset of pain occurs, and quality of end feel.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Longitudinal, anterior-posterior, and posterior-anterior.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Correcting the center of gravity (COG) allows for a proper evaluation of alignment and posture.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It typically follows a dermatomal pattern, mirroring the underlying nerve distribution.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Contractile and nervous tissues.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>4/5 – good.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Adaptive strategies by the patient and the quality of movement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Myotomes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It suggests a software issue, implying movement restrictions exist only when the patient's contributions are factored out.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The patient must be relaxed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sensory, motor, and reflex functions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To weigh the probability of one disease against other possible diseases that could explain the patient's illness.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It provides a continuous base of information that supports informed decisions and potential medical referrals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Professional knowledge, personal knowledge, and professional craft knowledge.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>'Hardware' refers to mechanical issues, while 'software' relates to flaws in movement coordination or motor control.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It indicates the probability of obtaining a positive test result in someone who has the pathology.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The approaches should account for multiple perspectives, including the patient's presentation and clinical context.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Inter-rater reliability measures the consistency of results obtained by different individuals performing the same task.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is assumed that the patient population has normative data findings.</p> Signup and view all the answers