Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is described as the instrument for delivery of care in therapeutic interpersonal relationships?
What is described as the instrument for delivery of care in therapeutic interpersonal relationships?
- Therapeutic use of technology
- Therapeutic use of self (correct)
- Therapeutic use of medication
- Therapeutic use of time
Which of the following is NOT one of the opportunities that the nurse role provides to accomplish effectively in therapeutic communication?
Which of the following is NOT one of the opportunities that the nurse role provides to accomplish effectively in therapeutic communication?
- Identify and explore problems in relating to others
- Discover healthy ways of meeting emotional needs
- Isolate the patient from external influences (correct)
- Experience a satisfying interpersonal relationship
In the context of communication, what does the transactional model emphasize?
In the context of communication, what does the transactional model emphasize?
- Sequential messaging between sender and receiver
- Communication as a one-way flow of information
- Delaying responses for effect
- Simultaneous involvement in creating meaning (correct)
Which of these conditions can influence the intended message in interpersonal communication?
Which of these conditions can influence the intended message in interpersonal communication?
What do Hays and Larson highlight as necessary for the nurse in therapeutic communication?
What do Hays and Larson highlight as necessary for the nurse in therapeutic communication?
What might impact the interpretation of messages in a therapeutic communication setting?
What might impact the interpretation of messages in a therapeutic communication setting?
Which of the following correctly describes interpersonal communication?
Which of the following correctly describes interpersonal communication?
What is an example of a preexisting condition that affects communication transactions?
What is an example of a preexisting condition that affects communication transactions?
Which facial expression is associated with both anger and arousal?
Which facial expression is associated with both anger and arousal?
What emotion is indicated by a 'canine-type snarl'?
What emotion is indicated by a 'canine-type snarl'?
Which facial expression might convey submission?
Which facial expression might convey submission?
What vocal cue might suggest anxiety or tension?
What vocal cue might suggest anxiety or tension?
Which technique encourages patients to organize their thoughts by allowing them time to speak?
Which technique encourages patients to organize their thoughts by allowing them time to speak?
Which lip expression is a sign of unhappiness and disapproval?
Which lip expression is a sign of unhappiness and disapproval?
How can broad openings be useful in therapeutic communication?
How can broad openings be useful in therapeutic communication?
What does a narrowed eye expression typically indicate?
What does a narrowed eye expression typically indicate?
What is often conveyed through eye contact in American culture?
What is often conveyed through eye contact in American culture?
Which facial expression shows both contempt and disdain?
Which facial expression shows both contempt and disdain?
What is indicated by a raised brow?
What is indicated by a raised brow?
What does an emphasis on the word 'YOU' in a sentence often imply?
What does an emphasis on the word 'YOU' in a sentence often imply?
Which therapeutic technique involves acknowledging patient accomplishments?
Which therapeutic technique involves acknowledging patient accomplishments?
What does a stare followed by a blink and a look away usually signify?
What does a stare followed by a blink and a look away usually signify?
Which emotion is communicated by pursing the lips?
Which emotion is communicated by pursing the lips?
Which of the following is a part of the SOLER technique used for attentive listening?
Which of the following is a part of the SOLER technique used for attentive listening?
What is a better alternative to denying a patient's feelings to encourage them to share more?
What is a better alternative to denying a patient's feelings to encourage them to share more?
Why can interpreting a patient's statements be detrimental?
Why can interpreting a patient's statements be detrimental?
What does 'R' in the SOLER technique stand for?
What does 'R' in the SOLER technique stand for?
What is an example of introducing an unrelated topic?
What is an example of introducing an unrelated topic?
What is a key element of motivational interviewing?
What is a key element of motivational interviewing?
How can values be communicated according to the transactional model of communication?
How can values be communicated according to the transactional model of communication?
How is active listening beneficial in nurse-patient relationships?
How is active listening beneficial in nurse-patient relationships?
In what way can religion influence communication?
In what way can religion influence communication?
Which nonverbal cue is associated with indicating high social status?
Which nonverbal cue is associated with indicating high social status?
Which technique helps to avoid a defensive patient response?
Which technique helps to avoid a defensive patient response?
How might cultural values primarily influence communication?
How might cultural values primarily influence communication?
Which nonverbal cue indicates a closed posture?
Which nonverbal cue indicates a closed posture?
Which example illustrates how social status is communicated nonverbally?
Which example illustrates how social status is communicated nonverbally?
Which statement reflects an active listening strategy?
Which statement reflects an active listening strategy?
In process recordings, what is primarily analyzed?
In process recordings, what is primarily analyzed?
What factor can affect communication by altering the generational language used by adolescents?
What factor can affect communication by altering the generational language used by adolescents?
Gender influences communication by:
Gender influences communication by:
Why is establishing intermittent eye contact important?
Why is establishing intermittent eye contact important?
What role does territoriality play in communication?
What role does territoriality play in communication?
What does a relaxed demeanor convey in patient interactions?
What does a relaxed demeanor convey in patient interactions?
What is a crucial factor for effective motivational interviewing?
What is a crucial factor for effective motivational interviewing?
Which communication factor is suggested to change with developmental level?
Which communication factor is suggested to change with developmental level?
How might men in some European countries typically greet each other compared to men in the U.S.?
How might men in some European countries typically greet each other compared to men in the U.S.?
What is a consequence of changing topics too quickly with patients?
What is a consequence of changing topics too quickly with patients?
What is the implication of wearing symbolic religious items?
What is the implication of wearing symbolic religious items?
What is the primary communicative function of cultural mores?
What is the primary communicative function of cultural mores?
Which factor can influence communication due to changes over one's lifespan?
Which factor can influence communication due to changes over one's lifespan?
How does the environment influence communication in the transactional model?
How does the environment influence communication in the transactional model?
What is the role of distance in communication within a given environmental space?
What is the role of distance in communication within a given environmental space?
What is the primary purpose of using general leads in a patient-nurse conversation?
What is the primary purpose of using general leads in a patient-nurse conversation?
What technique involves encouraging the patient to explore the sequence of events related to their experience?
What technique involves encouraging the patient to explore the sequence of events related to their experience?
Which therapeutic communication technique involves expressing observations about a patient's behavior?
Which therapeutic communication technique involves expressing observations about a patient's behavior?
Which technique is best used when the patient is trying to clarify their perceptions during hallucinations?
Which technique is best used when the patient is trying to clarify their perceptions during hallucinations?
What is the effect of using the technique of restating in patient communication?
What is the effect of using the technique of restating in patient communication?
Which technique is employed when a patient is referred back their own questions and feelings?
Which technique is employed when a patient is referred back their own questions and feelings?
What should the nurse do when a patient with severe anxiety struggles with focusing?
What should the nurse do when a patient with severe anxiety struggles with focusing?
What is the main purpose of 'seeking clarification and validation' in patient communication?
What is the main purpose of 'seeking clarification and validation' in patient communication?
Which technique involves the nurse expressing their perception of reality without challenging the patient's misperceptions?
Which technique involves the nurse expressing their perception of reality without challenging the patient's misperceptions?
What is the goal of the technique 'verbalizing the implied'?
What is the goal of the technique 'verbalizing the implied'?
When is 'attempting to translate words into feelings' most effectively employed?
When is 'attempting to translate words into feelings' most effectively employed?
Which strategy involves exploring a patient’s theme in depth while allowing the patient discretion to withdraw?
Which strategy involves exploring a patient’s theme in depth while allowing the patient discretion to withdraw?
Which technique involves acknowledging and encouraging the patient to recognize recurring experiences?
Which technique involves acknowledging and encouraging the patient to recognize recurring experiences?
How does 'formulating a plan of action' assist the patient?
How does 'formulating a plan of action' assist the patient?
What is an example of the 'voicing doubt' technique?
What is an example of the 'voicing doubt' technique?
What technique did Karyn use when she asked Alan if meetings were helpful before thinking about needing a drink?
What technique did Karyn use when she asked Alan if meetings were helpful before thinking about needing a drink?
What was the challenge of motivational interviewing as described?
What was the challenge of motivational interviewing as described?
Which technique involves the nurse conveying empathy to support connectedness?
Which technique involves the nurse conveying empathy to support connectedness?
Why did Karyn remain silent after Alan listed his reasons for attending meetings?
Why did Karyn remain silent after Alan listed his reasons for attending meetings?
What feeling did the nurse experience when asking about suicidal intent?
What feeling did the nurse experience when asking about suicidal intent?
Which technique did the nurse use when asking about the patient's feelings before taking pills?
Which technique did the nurse use when asking about the patient's feelings before taking pills?
What did the nurse feel towards the patient's husband during the interaction?
What did the nurse feel towards the patient's husband during the interaction?
Which therapeutic technique did the nurse use when providing tissues to the patient?
Which therapeutic technique did the nurse use when providing tissues to the patient?
What did Alan consider important in his recovery process?
What did Alan consider important in his recovery process?
How did the nurse evaluate the use of silence with Alan?
How did the nurse evaluate the use of silence with Alan?
What is the primary purpose of process recording, according to the content?
What is the primary purpose of process recording, according to the content?
What was the nurse’s thought on Alan’s readiness for an action plan?
What was the nurse’s thought on Alan’s readiness for an action plan?
Which characteristic makes feedback most effective in helping the patient modify behavior?
Which characteristic makes feedback most effective in helping the patient modify behavior?
Why did the nurse believe restatement was effective with Alan?
Why did the nurse believe restatement was effective with Alan?
Why should feedback be specific rather than general?
Why should feedback be specific rather than general?
What is the risk of providing advice in feedback, according to the content?
What is the risk of providing advice in feedback, according to the content?
In the process recording, what did the patient express she still wanted?
In the process recording, what did the patient express she still wanted?
What is considered the most powerful way in which communication occurs?
What is considered the most powerful way in which communication occurs?
In the example of feedback regarding a baby, why is mentioning the intellectual disability NOT effective?
In the example of feedback regarding a baby, why is mentioning the intellectual disability NOT effective?
Why might have restating the question led Alan to choose the 'right' answer?
Why might have restating the question led Alan to choose the 'right' answer?
What role do AA meetings play according to Alan?
What role do AA meetings play according to Alan?
How can the nurse's thoughts about 'blacking it out' aid in motivational interviewing with the patient?
How can the nurse's thoughts about 'blacking it out' aid in motivational interviewing with the patient?
What type of distance is used in mainstream American culture for intimate interactions?
What type of distance is used in mainstream American culture for intimate interactions?
What does the nurse's action of not making direct eye contact suggest?
What does the nurse's action of not making direct eye contact suggest?
Which of the following is an example of a functional-professional touch?
Which of the following is an example of a functional-professional touch?
Which technique did Karyn use when she asked Alan about his need for a drink?
Which technique did Karyn use when she asked Alan about his need for a drink?
What distance is associated with social interactions, such as talking to strangers?
What distance is associated with social interactions, such as talking to strangers?
Which aspect of nonverbal communication involves the use of attire and physical appearance?
Which aspect of nonverbal communication involves the use of attire and physical appearance?
What is an example of feedback that cannot be modified by the patient?
What is an example of feedback that cannot be modified by the patient?
How is a 'warm' person typically perceived based on their response behaviors?
How is a 'warm' person typically perceived based on their response behaviors?
Why should feedback be well-timed?
Why should feedback be well-timed?
Which form of touch indicates a strong liking and friendship?
Which form of touch indicates a strong liking and friendship?
What is the effect of using evaluative language in feedback?
What is the effect of using evaluative language in feedback?
What was Karyn’s thought process after Alan mentioned 'blacking it out'?
What was Karyn’s thought process after Alan mentioned 'blacking it out'?
What describes the type of touch that conveys emotional attachment?
What describes the type of touch that conveys emotional attachment?
Which distance is typically associated with public speaking?
Which distance is typically associated with public speaking?
Which of the following is a key factor in reflective techniques according to Karyn's interaction?
Which of the following is a key factor in reflective techniques according to Karyn's interaction?
Which facial expression element primarily reveals an individual's emotional state?
Which facial expression element primarily reveals an individual's emotional state?
What is the optimal way feedback should be framed to prevent patient defensiveness?
What is the optimal way feedback should be framed to prevent patient defensiveness?
Which communication technique was highlighted in Karyn's questioning of Alan's feelings about being 'perturbed'?
Which communication technique was highlighted in Karyn's questioning of Alan's feelings about being 'perturbed'?
What is an example of a social-polite touch?
What is an example of a social-polite touch?
What type of distance includes interactions at a cocktail party?
What type of distance includes interactions at a cocktail party?
What role does posture play in nonverbal communication?
What role does posture play in nonverbal communication?
When using touch as communication, what is considered best practice?
When using touch as communication, what is considered best practice?
Which behavior might indicate low self-esteem based on posture?
Which behavior might indicate low self-esteem based on posture?
Why is giving false reassurance considered a nontherapeutic communication technique?
Why is giving false reassurance considered a nontherapeutic communication technique?
What is an alternative response to rejecting a patient's ideas?
What is an alternative response to rejecting a patient's ideas?
What does approving or disapproving imply in a nurse-patient interaction?
What does approving or disapproving imply in a nurse-patient interaction?
Which statement best reflects the issue with giving advice in a therapeutic setting?
Which statement best reflects the issue with giving advice in a therapeutic setting?
How does probing affect the therapeutic nurse-patient relationship?
How does probing affect the therapeutic nurse-patient relationship?
What is a therapeutic alternative to defending someone the patient has criticized?
What is a therapeutic alternative to defending someone the patient has criticized?
Why is requesting an explanation from a patient generally considered a poor communication technique?
Why is requesting an explanation from a patient generally considered a poor communication technique?
What effect does indicating an external source of power have on a patient?
What effect does indicating an external source of power have on a patient?
Why is belittling or minimizing feelings a problematic communication technique?
Why is belittling or minimizing feelings a problematic communication technique?
What message does making stereotyped comments send in a nurse-patient interaction?
What message does making stereotyped comments send in a nurse-patient interaction?
What is an effective alternative to indicating agreement or disagreement with a patient's opinion?
What is an effective alternative to indicating agreement or disagreement with a patient's opinion?
Which nontherapeutic technique involves pressuring the patient for answers?
Which nontherapeutic technique involves pressuring the patient for answers?
What does the 'defending' communication technique involve?
What does the 'defending' communication technique involve?
Which technique involves attributing the source of thoughts or behaviors to external influences?
Which technique involves attributing the source of thoughts or behaviors to external influences?
What would be a nontherapeutic response to a patient feeling overwhelmed?
What would be a nontherapeutic response to a patient feeling overwhelmed?
What does SOLER stand for in active listening?
What does SOLER stand for in active listening?
Which preexisting condition does NOT influence interpersonal communication, according to the text?
Which preexisting condition does NOT influence interpersonal communication, according to the text?
What is the primary purpose of therapeutic communication?
What is the primary purpose of therapeutic communication?
Which communication technique should nurses avoid?
Which communication technique should nurses avoid?
What is the purpose of process recordings?
What is the purpose of process recordings?
What type of communication is feedback?
What type of communication is feedback?
What does nonverbal communication include?
What does nonverbal communication include?
What is a defining characteristic of interpersonal communication?
What is a defining characteristic of interpersonal communication?
How is the meaning of nonverbal communication determined?
How is the meaning of nonverbal communication determined?
Flashcards
Therapeutic Interpersonal Relationship
Therapeutic Interpersonal Relationship
The process by which nurses provide care for psychosocial needs.
Therapeutic Use of Self
Therapeutic Use of Self
The nurse's use of their personality and skills in patient care delivery.
Interpersonal Communication Techniques
Interpersonal Communication Techniques
Methods used to facilitate effective communication between nurse and patient.
Goals of Therapeutic Communication
Goals of Therapeutic Communication
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Transactional Model of Communication
Transactional Model of Communication
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Preexisting Conditions
Preexisting Conditions
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Verbal Communication
Verbal Communication
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Nonverbal Communication
Nonverbal Communication
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Values, Attitudes, and Beliefs
Values, Attitudes, and Beliefs
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Cultural norms
Cultural norms
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Prejudice
Prejudice
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Social Status
Social Status
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Gender Roles
Gender Roles
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Changing Gender Signals
Changing Gender Signals
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Age and Communication
Age and Communication
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Text Messaging Language
Text Messaging Language
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Developmental Level
Developmental Level
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Environment's Influence
Environment's Influence
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Territoriality
Territoriality
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Density in Interaction
Density in Interaction
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Religious Symbolism
Religious Symbolism
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Nonverbal Cues
Nonverbal Cues
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Communication Models
Communication Models
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Intimate Distance
Intimate Distance
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Personal Distance
Personal Distance
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Social Distance
Social Distance
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Public Distance
Public Distance
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Physical Appearance
Physical Appearance
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Body Movement
Body Movement
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Touch
Touch
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Functional-Professional Touch
Functional-Professional Touch
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Social-Polite Touch
Social-Polite Touch
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Friendship-Warmth Touch
Friendship-Warmth Touch
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Love-Intimacy Touch
Love-Intimacy Touch
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Facial Expressions
Facial Expressions
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Vocal Cues
Vocal Cues
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Body Adornments
Body Adornments
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General Leads
General Leads
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Sequencing Events
Sequencing Events
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Making Observations
Making Observations
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Describing Perceptions
Describing Perceptions
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Encouraging Comparison
Encouraging Comparison
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Restating
Restating
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Reflecting
Reflecting
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Focusing
Focusing
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Exploring
Exploring
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Seeking Clarification
Seeking Clarification
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Presenting Reality
Presenting Reality
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Voicing Doubt
Voicing Doubt
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Verbalizing the Implied
Verbalizing the Implied
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Translating Words into Feelings
Translating Words into Feelings
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Formulating a Plan of Action
Formulating a Plan of Action
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Nostril flare
Nostril flare
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Wrinkling up
Wrinkling up
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Grin; smile
Grin; smile
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Grimace
Grimace
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Eye contact
Eye contact
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Paralanguage
Paralanguage
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Using silence
Using silence
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Accepting
Accepting
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Offering self
Offering self
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Giving broad openings
Giving broad openings
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Frown
Frown
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Sneer
Sneer
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Surprise (Raised Brows)
Surprise (Raised Brows)
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Widened Eyes
Widened Eyes
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Disinterest (Eyes Downcast)
Disinterest (Eyes Downcast)
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Active Listening
Active Listening
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Attentive Listening
Attentive Listening
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Open Posture
Open Posture
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Leaning Forward
Leaning Forward
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Relaxed Body Language
Relaxed Body Language
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Denial in Communication
Denial in Communication
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Interpreting Patient Statements
Interpreting Patient Statements
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Instead of Changing the Subject
Instead of Changing the Subject
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Motivational Interviewing
Motivational Interviewing
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Process Recordings
Process Recordings
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Therapeutic Communication
Therapeutic Communication
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Verbal Communication Techniques
Verbal Communication Techniques
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Giving false reassurance
Giving false reassurance
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Approving or disapproving
Approving or disapproving
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Agreeing or disagreeing
Agreeing or disagreeing
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Giving advice
Giving advice
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Probing
Probing
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Defending
Defending
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Requesting an explanation
Requesting an explanation
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Indicating external sources of power
Indicating external sources of power
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Belittling or minimizing feelings
Belittling or minimizing feelings
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Making stereotyped comments
Making stereotyped comments
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Patient engagement
Patient engagement
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Empathy in nursing
Empathy in nursing
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Feedback
Feedback
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Cultural Determination in Communication
Cultural Determination in Communication
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Descriptive Feedback
Descriptive Feedback
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Evaluative Feedback
Evaluative Feedback
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Specific Feedback
Specific Feedback
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General Feedback
General Feedback
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Modifiable Feedback
Modifiable Feedback
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Imparting Information
Imparting Information
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Well-Timed Feedback
Well-Timed Feedback
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Exploring Technique
Exploring Technique
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Reflecting Technique
Reflecting Technique
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Perception of Safety
Perception of Safety
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Self-Sufficiency
Self-Sufficiency
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Clarifying Technique
Clarifying Technique
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Restating Technique
Restating Technique
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Silence in Therapy
Silence in Therapy
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Behavior Change
Behavior Change
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SOAP Note
SOAP Note
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Plan of Action
Plan of Action
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Cognitive Reflection
Cognitive Reflection
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Reconnecting with Support
Reconnecting with Support
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Identifying Emotions
Identifying Emotions
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Expressing Honesty
Expressing Honesty
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Facilitating Reflection
Facilitating Reflection
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Study Notes
Therapeutic Interpersonal Relationships in Nursing
- Nurses facilitate psychosocial intervention through therapeutic interpersonal relationships.
- Therapeutic use of self is the instrument for providing care.
- Interpersonal communication techniques (verbal and nonverbal) are vital for care delivery.
Therapeutic Communication
- Nurses must understand their role's impact on the patient's illness.
- Goals of therapeutic communication include identifying and exploring relationship problems, discovering healthy emotional responses, fostering satisfying relationships.
- Communication is a two-way interactive process where both sender and receiver create meaning simultaneously.
Factors Influencing Communication
- Pre-existing factors like values, attitudes, beliefs, culture, religion, social status, gender, background, age, and environment affect communication.
- Value systems, attitudes, beliefs learned from early life may influence communication in different ways.
- Culture influences communication styles; e.g., greetings vary.
- Religion communicates through symbols like clothing.
- Social status influences communication through nonverbal cues (dress, posture, voice).
- Gender roles influence communication, although these are evolving.
- Age and developmental stages influence communication styles.
- Environment (territory, density, distance) impacts communication.
Nonverbal Communication
- Nonverbal communication (e.g., appearance, posture, touch) is often more impactful than verbal communication.
- Physical appearance (dress, hair, adornments) sends messages.
- Body posture and movement communicate self-esteem, gender, status, warmth/coldness.
- Touch can be functional-professional, social-polite, friendship-warmth, love-intimacy, or sexual.
Facial Expressions
- Facial expressions convey various emotions (happiness, sadness, anger, surprise, fear).
- Facial expressions can communicate intensity and nuance within emotions.
Eye Behavior
- Eye contact often indicates an interest in others.
- Cultural norms regulate eye contact duration and appropriateness.
Vocal Cues (Paralanguage)
- Tone, pitch, volume, rate of speech, and pauses influence the interpretation of verbal messages.
Therapeutic vs. Nontherapeutic Communication
- Therapeutic communication techniques focus on patient needs, promote healing, and build trust.
- Nontherapeutic techniques are barriers to open communication and should be avoided. (See Tables 7-2 & 7-3 for specific examples.)
Active Listening
- Active listening is crucial in creating a trusting environment.
- The acronym SOLER (Sit squarely, Open posture, Lean forward, Establish eye contact, Relax) guides active listening skills.
- Active Listening involves paying attention to both verbal and nonverbal cues.
Motivational Interviewing
- Patient-centered approach to communication promoting behavior change.
- Motivational interviewing focuses on patient motivation and exploring the pros & cons of decisions.
- Originally developed for substance use disorders, widely used across health care.
Process Recordings
- Process recordings are detailed accounts of interactions, analyzing communication.
- Provides a framework for learning from interactions.
Feedback
- Feedback should be descriptive (not evaluative), specific, focused on modifiable behavior, and well-timed.
- Feedback should focus on the behavior—not the person—and should not offer advice.
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