Theory of Architecture

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Theory of Architecture

• Focuses on logical/artistic design of shelters, buildings, and man-made environments.
• Explains the use appreciation and behavior inside spaces.
• Explores various theories and methodologies.
• Understands relationship between physical environment and human behavior.
• Examines perception of surroundings, proxemic sensitivities, and sensibilities in organizing forms and space.
• Architectural theory explains phenomena related to spaces/environment, usage, perception, and behavior.
• Design is problem-solving to improve conditions for human activities, pre-figuring solutions to conditions.
• Designer is a solution seeker.

Components of Architectural Solution

• Beauty/aesthetics endears users, placing greater value on structure; adds pride/character to neighborhood.
• Space flow involves experiencing space through time/movement by a building's users.
• Adjacency affects space flow and value of placing spaces near/far.
• Area/space is arrangement in order and components of a particular space flow.
• Ease of use enables building users to improve activities.

Architectural Systems and Orders

• Architectural systems include space, structure, enclosure, technology, movement in space/time, and program.
• Orders include physical, perceptual, and conceptual.
• Space exists in a boundless three-dimensional extent.
• Objects/events have relative position/direction.
• Perceptual involves sensory perception/recognition of physical elements in time.
• Conceptual involves comprehension of ordered/disordered relationships among building's elements/systems.

Systems

• Spatial systems are three-dimensional integrations that accommodate house functions/relationships.
• Structual system such as columns supports horizontal beams and slabs.
• Enclosure systems like a four exterior wall planes define a rectangular volume with program elements and spaces.
• Circulation Systems link levels and heighten perception of forms.
• Context includes simple exterior form wraps around a complex interior organization of forms/spaces.

Elements of Form and Space

• Point: non-dimensional entity in geometry.
• Point as Marker in Space or Ground Plane: projected vertically into linear form.
• Two Points: describe the connection between a finite line or a segment of a longer path. -Line: Extension of a point.

Visual Construction

• Vertical: symbolizes equilibrium with gravity.
• Horizontal: symbolizes stability.
• Oblique Line: symbolizes deviation from vertical/horizontal; slanted.
• Vertical Linear Elements: Commemorate significant events and establish particular points
• Linear form of Architectural Spaces: Accommodate path of movement through a building and link its spaces to one another.

Linear Elements Defining Planes

• Closer parallel lines create stronger sense of plane
• Parallel series reinforces perception of plane
• Articulates boundaries of spatial zones
• Colonnades are often for public building facades
• Vertical/horizontal linear elements can define a volume of space.

Planes

• Plane: the intersection of two or more lines. Primary characteristic of a plane is shape.
• General Characteristics of Planes: Texture can be sensed through touch; color, shape, size, and visual inertia (stability/movement) can be visually sensed.
• Overhead Plane: Roof plane that spans and shelters interior spaces of a building.
• Wall Plane: is active in the field of vision, shapes/encloses architectural space.
• Base Plane: can be ground plane or foundation of a building.

Planar Elements

• Planes have a position, orientation, visual inertia, and area.
• Solids/figures have a position, orientation, visual inertia and volume.

Ground Plane

• Ground Plane supports all architectural construction.
• Floor Plane sustains objects and users on a building.
• Exterior Wall Planes - Isolate portions of space creating a controlled interior environment.
• Interior Wall Planes Govern the size and shape of internal spaces or rooms within a building.
• Ceiling Plane is often visual, usually out of each
• Roof Plane protects a building.

Form

• Form is primary identifying characteristic of a volume.
• A solid is space displaced by mass.
• A void contains or encloses Can be seen as a plan and a section
• Space can be displaced by mass
• The pull of gravity and visual sight has an affect on plane and form

Unity of Elements

• Positive elements: perceived figures
• Negative elements: background for figures
• Figure Ground Theory enables study of a situation by considering solid/space focus.
• Surfaces allow appreciation through viewing and utility
• Spaces physically arranged or their proximity to each other effects appreciation.

Horizontal Elements Defining Space

• Base Plane: A horizontal plane is contrast background and has figures with simple fields of plane
• Plain base plane: leveled horizontally to surrounding elements
• Elevated Base Plane: A horizontal plane elevated above has separation between levels visually

Vertical Elements Defining Space

• Vertical Linear Elements make up corners
• Single Vertical Plane makes Exterior walls
• L-shaped Plane produces a field from its corner along a diagonal.
• Parallel Planes define a volume of axially oriented space.
• U-Shaped Plane/Semi-enclosure defines primarily oriented/open volume.
• Four Planes/Closure/Complete Enclosure establishes boundaries of introverted space.

Opening in Space-Denning Elements

• Within Planes is located within a wall or ceiling plane/surrounded on all sides.
• At Corners is located along one edge, and along one edge
• Between Planes is extended between the floor/ceiling or walls, to occupy wall of space.
• Primary Solids consist of basic visual solids, like the sphere.

Shaping By Generation

• Sphere - is a sphere with all points equidistant from a center
• Cone is a solid with generation by the revolution of a right triangle and one of its sides.
• Pyramid is a polygonal base; faces meeting/ common vertex

Space Saving Objects

• Cylinder has all sides meeting at angles
• Cube solid is bounded by sides and right angles
• Gestalt psychology is easilly grasped or relation of relationship

Transformation of Form

• Under Dimensional Transformation, its identity retains its structure.
• Under Subtractive Transformation, It subtracts to create
• Under Additive Transformation, it transforms by adding elements to volume.
• Spatial Tension: close proximity arrangement; angular vertex contact/common point.

additive form

• Centralized: secondary forms clustered around dominant center forms.
• Linear arrangement in a row.
• Radial from central form.
• Clustered by proximity or the sharing of visual traits.
• Grid from relate/regulate to 3D grid
• Articulation to shapes

Space Creation

• Space within Space: within a larger space
• Interlocking: field overlaps.
• Adjacent: two shares a border.
• Linked: Common spaces relies an intermediary spacing to relationship

Spatial Organizations

• In central, dominant, and secondary spaces grouped.
• There is is also a linear sequence of repetitive spaces and organization such as those for construction purposes

Organization

• Radial space and grid space structures
• Circulation
• Path and organization and it allows changing value through out structure and allows max security

Circulation Sequence

• In approaching: prepared to experience and use the building
• Frintal : Axial
• Oblique makes effect and fronts
• Spiral is is around the building
• Enters
• configuration
• forms for circulating space

Principles of of Design

• Ideas with parameters

Golden principles structure

• arrangement
• elements based on visual
• focal obkects that are focal
• rhythm like regualr patter
• promoted unity-
• promotes coherent with complemtation
• moves for visuals

variety of theories

• The golden ratios
• Fibanocci series and classic orders
• mesurements scaled by greek order size
• Asian is counterparts
• Shakus are small japanese measurements and 1foot

proxemics

• studies of Space:
• intimate is close(0.45m)
• personal is 1-2 m distance -sociai - around (1.2-3.6m)
• public beyond is 3.6m beyond

Territorial infringement

• Defensible space types is territories that needs contol
• infringement is outsiderr
• territories are are body
• secondary territories

Astetic and color

• philosophies like wabi and aesthetic view the view the world that the way we view life affects the way we view everything
• and biases too harmony-
• and we get stimulated for the stimulation theory

Relationship between humans

• enviroment relation
• we are internally motivated
• humans control behavior with our own needs and with out own environment
• set by objects in our environment

Environmental persception

• how we view things
• tendencies to certain
• and aesthetic on some
• fatigues
• pleasure

attention restoration theories

• that can improve

• Legibility

• The elements in city like district ,path node edge and landmarks that can heighgthen our pathing system

• traits

Human factos ,psychological traits

• and and personality
• capacity affect or perscepetion and some psycholgiy

Design process Equilibrium

• that will change and better design.
• the needs and will transform

Foques stages of design

• analysis to prepatraring the analysises
• in creative there are new ideas
• and conversions to create a messaging

Theory of achitecture part 2

• Vitruvius
• famous Roman and architect
• wrote on architecture of natuee

Renaissance

• body
• used measurement based

fundamentals or arhc

• and proporation

Three fold vitr

• Utilitas Utility or Commodity; Every building must serve specific utility religious education civic Firmitas FirmnessDurabilty The building needs to wae a wr

Medieval Period

• Middle Age
• Abbot Suger
• Medieval architecture
• Book of st Denies
• Architecture styles
• and Romanequeques,
• Gothic Period thar thoroughly remodeled

The gothic

• upward leading method where philosophies Influenced the design.
• first church was built here and it was called st denis
• features had prince and windows
• and flying and rose window,

Renaissance

• Barozzi Vigol

• and the five orders in 16tc

five claccla orders

• Archietct and poet
• and philosopher and priest
• an renaissance man

Renascence

• he
• wrote "old bui" "beauty proportion”

Sebation

• and it general rules needs tau"geometry”

Andea

• and the Four books architure
• Describes architecture

Palladian Arch

smmtry axis

• and the architecture

• greco roman

• and

Neoclassical

• and it had shape

ecel

• and regional of architecture
• and mutiple era by gaoudi style combination

approach

Morris

• and

Revolution

• handcrafts
• changes life.

the Wright

, time and civilization

• of landscape and windos . roofs absent

- the Sulliva

function

- ornament

wagner

• and in design and art wagnera is defined. Corbusier . and orthedod.

• and was construction

• construction to precast

- functions of buildings

style