Theories of Stuttering
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Theories of Stuttering

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Questions and Answers

What is considered a significant source of conflict in the neurotic explanation of stuttering?

  • Genetic predisposition
  • Psycho-sexual development phases (correct)
  • Lack of social interaction
  • Environmental changes

    • According to the psycho-sexual hypothesis, how may stuttering be viewed?

  • As a result of cognitive dysfunction
  • As a biological anomaly
  • As a developmental disability
  • As a means to gain attention or sympathy (correct)

    • What did Freud conclude about the psycho-analytical approach to stuttering?

  • It should be prioritized in treatment
  • It has significant empirical support
  • It is not effective (correct)
  • It is highly effective

    • What has been established regarding the onset of psychogenic stuttering in children?

    <p>There is insufficient evidence for its onset related to psychogenic factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In classical conditioning related to stuttering, what role does the neutral stimulus play?

    <p>It provokes a conditioned emotional response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What emotional response may trigger stuttering during challenging speaking situations?

    <p>Anxiety</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a clinical implication of learning theories in the context of stuttering?

    <p>Therapy can help unlearn negative associations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of response does classical conditioning evoke in relation to stuttering?

    <p>Negative emotional response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structural aspect is suggested to contribute to stuttering in individuals?

    <p>Underdevelopment of the left hemisphere</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor can exacerbate timing disruptions in individuals who stutter according to Kent's research?

    <p>Increased emotional stress</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is identified as a basic deficit in individuals who stutter?

    <p>Sensori-motor control of speech</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the multifactorial dynamic pathways theory of stuttering suggest about therapy decisions?

    <p>They must be based on ongoing assessments.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which model emphasizes that individuals who stutter are disabled by societal expectations?

    <p>Social Model</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do increased linguistic demands affect stutterers according to research?

    <p>They contribute to speech breakdowns</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common misconception parents might have about the cause of their child's stuttering?

    <p>It occurs suddenly after trauma.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is suggested to help decrease stuttering in children?

    <p>Decreasing linguistic complexity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role might the right hemisphere play in the context of stuttering?

    <p>It can interfere with timing due to emotional stress.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one advantage of multifactorial models when discussing stuttering with parents?

    <p>They promote understanding of complex causes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes the relationship between speech rate and brain activity in stutterers?

    <p>Increased speech rates are associated with increased neuronal resources.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of neurodiversity, what is emphasized regarding individuals?

    <p>They possess unique skills and experiences.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do multifactorial models suggest about the nature of stuttering?

    <p>It emerges from an interaction of various factors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to research, what happens to brain activity in response to increased language complexity in people who stutter?

    <p>It increases due to compensatory mechanisms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following reflects a characteristic of the medical model of disability?

    <p>Impairment is viewed as an individual deficit.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be regularly assessed in relation to therapy decisions for stuttering?

    <p>The effectiveness of ongoing therapy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does neurodiversity view the condition of stuttering?

    <p>As a form of natural variability rather than a pathology.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the social model of disability claim about stuttering?

    <p>It arises from a mismatch with societal communication expectations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which resource is specifically focused on changing perceptions of stuttering?

    <p>StutterTalk podcast.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key takeaway from the neurodiversity movement regarding individuals who stutter?

    <p>They possess unique communication styles without pathologization.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the neurodiversity perspective, stuttering is best understood as:

    <p>A mismatch between the individual and their environment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key reason for understanding the theories of stuttering?

    <p>It supports the validity of management strategies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which physiological aspect is considered a theory of stuttering aetiology?

    <p>Genetic Factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why might forced change in handedness affect stuttering development?

    <p>It disrupts the timing of motor movements necessary for speech.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The concept of cerebral asymmetry relates to stuttering by indicating that:

    <p>Individuals with stuttering have delayed development of the left hemisphere.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following does NOT represent a theory of stuttering?

    <p>Social Interaction Theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does the supplementary motor area (SMA) play in stuttering as indicated by research?

    <p>It plans and sequences speech motor output.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which psychological theory of stuttering involves avoidance based on fear?

    <p>Anticipatory Struggle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a principle emphasized in stuttering assessment and therapy?

    <p>Individualistic approaches may yield better results.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Theories of Stuttering

    • Stuttering is a complex speech disorder with various theories explaining its origin and development.
    • The physiological theories focus on biological factors such as cerebral asymmetry, temporal processing, linguistic processing, and genetic factors.
    • Cerebral Asymmetry Theory: proposes that stuttering stems from a failure to develop a dominant speech hemisphere, which is crucial for timing motor movements.
    • Temporal Processing Theory: suggests that stuttering arises from an inability to perform precise timing functions due to a less developed left hemisphere.
    • Linguistic Processing Theory: highlights a deficit in the sensorimotor control of speech, where increased language demands can lead to speech breakdowns.
    • Psychological Theories: attribute stuttering to psychosexual conflicts or repressed needs, suggesting it's a symptom of underlying psychological distress.
    • Learning Theories emphasize the role of classical and operant conditioning in shaping stuttering behaviors.
    • Classical Conditioning: proposes that stuttering develops through repeated associations between neutral stimuli and dysfluencies, leading to a conditioned emotional response.
    • Operant Conditioning: suggests that stuttering behaviors are reinforced by environmental responses, such as attention or avoidance of speaking situations.
    • A multifactorial dynamic pathways theory considers a combination of factors, including genetics, neurobiology, environment, and individual experiences.

    Clinical Implications

    • Understanding different theories helps clinicians understand the complexity of stuttering and tailor interventions for individuals.
    • Recognizing the potential for learned behaviors and environmental influences can inform therapy strategies.
    • The Social Model of Disability views stuttering as a societal construct, highlighting discrimination and expectations of fluency as contributing factors.
    • The Neurodiversity movement emphasizes the natural variation of human brains and rejects the concept of stuttering as a pathology.
    • Neurodiversity suggests that stuttering represents a mismatch between an individual's neurobiological differences and a society not designed for them.

    Resources for Understanding and Support

    • StutterTalk podcast: offers insights into stuttering and promotes positive self-identity.
    • Film: When I Stutter: provides personal perspectives on stuttering and its impact.
    • Play: Unspoken: explores the experiences of individuals who stutter through theatrical performance.
    • Spotify: Vivian Sisskin: features music and stories related to stuttering.
    • Additional resources: include research articles exploring clinical characteristics of stuttering and its persistence, as well as information about cluttering.

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    Nature of Stuttering; Theories Tagged PDF

    Description

    Explore the various theories surrounding stuttering, including physiological, linguistic, and psychological perspectives. Understand how factors like cerebral asymmetry and temporal processing contribute to this complex speech disorder. Delve into both the biological and psychological origins of stuttering and their implications.

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