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Questions and Answers
What is considered a significant source of conflict in the neurotic explanation of stuttering?
What is considered a significant source of conflict in the neurotic explanation of stuttering?
According to the psycho-sexual hypothesis, how may stuttering be viewed?
According to the psycho-sexual hypothesis, how may stuttering be viewed?
What did Freud conclude about the psycho-analytical approach to stuttering?
What did Freud conclude about the psycho-analytical approach to stuttering?
What has been established regarding the onset of psychogenic stuttering in children?
What has been established regarding the onset of psychogenic stuttering in children?
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In classical conditioning related to stuttering, what role does the neutral stimulus play?
In classical conditioning related to stuttering, what role does the neutral stimulus play?
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What emotional response may trigger stuttering during challenging speaking situations?
What emotional response may trigger stuttering during challenging speaking situations?
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What is a clinical implication of learning theories in the context of stuttering?
What is a clinical implication of learning theories in the context of stuttering?
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What type of response does classical conditioning evoke in relation to stuttering?
What type of response does classical conditioning evoke in relation to stuttering?
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What structural aspect is suggested to contribute to stuttering in individuals?
What structural aspect is suggested to contribute to stuttering in individuals?
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What factor can exacerbate timing disruptions in individuals who stutter according to Kent's research?
What factor can exacerbate timing disruptions in individuals who stutter according to Kent's research?
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What is identified as a basic deficit in individuals who stutter?
What is identified as a basic deficit in individuals who stutter?
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What does the multifactorial dynamic pathways theory of stuttering suggest about therapy decisions?
What does the multifactorial dynamic pathways theory of stuttering suggest about therapy decisions?
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Which model emphasizes that individuals who stutter are disabled by societal expectations?
Which model emphasizes that individuals who stutter are disabled by societal expectations?
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How do increased linguistic demands affect stutterers according to research?
How do increased linguistic demands affect stutterers according to research?
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What is a common misconception parents might have about the cause of their child's stuttering?
What is a common misconception parents might have about the cause of their child's stuttering?
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What is suggested to help decrease stuttering in children?
What is suggested to help decrease stuttering in children?
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What role might the right hemisphere play in the context of stuttering?
What role might the right hemisphere play in the context of stuttering?
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What is one advantage of multifactorial models when discussing stuttering with parents?
What is one advantage of multifactorial models when discussing stuttering with parents?
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Which of the following describes the relationship between speech rate and brain activity in stutterers?
Which of the following describes the relationship between speech rate and brain activity in stutterers?
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In the context of neurodiversity, what is emphasized regarding individuals?
In the context of neurodiversity, what is emphasized regarding individuals?
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What do multifactorial models suggest about the nature of stuttering?
What do multifactorial models suggest about the nature of stuttering?
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According to research, what happens to brain activity in response to increased language complexity in people who stutter?
According to research, what happens to brain activity in response to increased language complexity in people who stutter?
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Which of the following reflects a characteristic of the medical model of disability?
Which of the following reflects a characteristic of the medical model of disability?
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What should be regularly assessed in relation to therapy decisions for stuttering?
What should be regularly assessed in relation to therapy decisions for stuttering?
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How does neurodiversity view the condition of stuttering?
How does neurodiversity view the condition of stuttering?
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What does the social model of disability claim about stuttering?
What does the social model of disability claim about stuttering?
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Which resource is specifically focused on changing perceptions of stuttering?
Which resource is specifically focused on changing perceptions of stuttering?
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What is a key takeaway from the neurodiversity movement regarding individuals who stutter?
What is a key takeaway from the neurodiversity movement regarding individuals who stutter?
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According to the neurodiversity perspective, stuttering is best understood as:
According to the neurodiversity perspective, stuttering is best understood as:
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What is a key reason for understanding the theories of stuttering?
What is a key reason for understanding the theories of stuttering?
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Which physiological aspect is considered a theory of stuttering aetiology?
Which physiological aspect is considered a theory of stuttering aetiology?
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Why might forced change in handedness affect stuttering development?
Why might forced change in handedness affect stuttering development?
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The concept of cerebral asymmetry relates to stuttering by indicating that:
The concept of cerebral asymmetry relates to stuttering by indicating that:
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Which of the following does NOT represent a theory of stuttering?
Which of the following does NOT represent a theory of stuttering?
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What role does the supplementary motor area (SMA) play in stuttering as indicated by research?
What role does the supplementary motor area (SMA) play in stuttering as indicated by research?
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Which psychological theory of stuttering involves avoidance based on fear?
Which psychological theory of stuttering involves avoidance based on fear?
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Which of the following is a principle emphasized in stuttering assessment and therapy?
Which of the following is a principle emphasized in stuttering assessment and therapy?
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Study Notes
Theories of Stuttering
- Stuttering is a complex speech disorder with various theories explaining its origin and development.
- The physiological theories focus on biological factors such as cerebral asymmetry, temporal processing, linguistic processing, and genetic factors.
- Cerebral Asymmetry Theory: proposes that stuttering stems from a failure to develop a dominant speech hemisphere, which is crucial for timing motor movements.
- Temporal Processing Theory: suggests that stuttering arises from an inability to perform precise timing functions due to a less developed left hemisphere.
- Linguistic Processing Theory: highlights a deficit in the sensorimotor control of speech, where increased language demands can lead to speech breakdowns.
- Psychological Theories: attribute stuttering to psychosexual conflicts or repressed needs, suggesting it's a symptom of underlying psychological distress.
- Learning Theories emphasize the role of classical and operant conditioning in shaping stuttering behaviors.
- Classical Conditioning: proposes that stuttering develops through repeated associations between neutral stimuli and dysfluencies, leading to a conditioned emotional response.
- Operant Conditioning: suggests that stuttering behaviors are reinforced by environmental responses, such as attention or avoidance of speaking situations.
- A multifactorial dynamic pathways theory considers a combination of factors, including genetics, neurobiology, environment, and individual experiences.
Clinical Implications
- Understanding different theories helps clinicians understand the complexity of stuttering and tailor interventions for individuals.
- Recognizing the potential for learned behaviors and environmental influences can inform therapy strategies.
- The Social Model of Disability views stuttering as a societal construct, highlighting discrimination and expectations of fluency as contributing factors.
- The Neurodiversity movement emphasizes the natural variation of human brains and rejects the concept of stuttering as a pathology.
- Neurodiversity suggests that stuttering represents a mismatch between an individual's neurobiological differences and a society not designed for them.
Resources for Understanding and Support
- StutterTalk podcast: offers insights into stuttering and promotes positive self-identity.
- Film: When I Stutter: provides personal perspectives on stuttering and its impact.
- Play: Unspoken: explores the experiences of individuals who stutter through theatrical performance.
- Spotify: Vivian Sisskin: features music and stories related to stuttering.
- Additional resources: include research articles exploring clinical characteristics of stuttering and its persistence, as well as information about cluttering.
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Description
Explore the various theories surrounding stuttering, including physiological, linguistic, and psychological perspectives. Understand how factors like cerebral asymmetry and temporal processing contribute to this complex speech disorder. Delve into both the biological and psychological origins of stuttering and their implications.
