Theories of Language Change

What is the main focus of Functional Theory according to the text?

How does Functional Theory view the role of language change?

What does Halliday's Functional Theory consider as supporting the need for efficiency among users?

What does Cultural Transmission Theory focus on?

Who are mentioned as important contributors to Cultural Transmission Theory in the text?

What makes up our culture according to the text?

Which model proposes that languages evolve from one disturbance or change, replicating how ripples move from the centre of a disturbance in water?

Which proto-language is considered the common ancestor for English, German, Dutch, and other Germanic languages?

In what year was Jean Aitchison's book 'Language Change: Progress or Decay?' written?

Which model proposes that changes in language begin in a limited way, speed up as more speakers adopt the change, and then eventually level off?

What suffix is accepted on words like 'prosper' but not on words like 'calm'?

Which model is based on the assumption that languages change as they split from a common core?

Which model tracks groups of languages back to a proto-language, their shared ancestor?

What does Cultural Transmission Theory primarily explore?

In Cultural Transmission Theory, how is language transmitted?

What scenario best describes when language change occurs according to Cultural Transmission Theory?

Which theory links language change to the uneven use of spoken language?

What is a key factor highlighted by the Substratum Theory for language change?

According to the Theory of Lexical Gaps, what is the purpose of new words emerging in a language?

Why do second-generation language speakers tend to shift pronunciation according to Substratum Theory?

What type of learning is not covered by Cultural Transmission Theory?

What drives language change according to Cultural Transmission Theory?

According to Guy Deutscher, how does language change occur?

What does Basil Bernstein's theory of restricted code emphasize?

What led to Basil Bernstein developing the theory of restricted and elaborated codes?

In the context of language proficiency, what do restricted and elaborated codes refer to?

How does Guy Deutscher compare language change to 'mankind's greatest invention'?

What distinguishes elaborated code from restricted code according to Basil Bernstein?

Why did Basil Bernstein propose the theory of restricted and elaborated codes?

"Too many words can devalue what is said" reflects which concept mentioned in the text?

"Range of utterances and reasoning" is associated with which type of code outlined by Bernstein?

"Limited lexis and reasoning" is a characteristic of which concept discussed in the text?

What is the main focus of Functional Theory according to the text?

Who are mentioned as important contributors to Cultural Transmission Theory in the text?

How does Functional Theory view the role of language change?

What drives language change according to Cultural Transmission Theory?

What makes up our culture according to the text?

What is the purpose of new words emerging in a language according to the Theory of Lexical Gaps?

Explain the difference between the Tree Model and the Wave Model of Language Change.

How does the S-curve Model explain the process of language change?

According to Jean Aitchison, what is the main debate in language change: progress or decay?

What is the key feature of the Prescriptive Approach to language change?

How does the S-curve Model depict the nature of language change over time?

What does Jean Aitchison's book 'Language Change: Progress or Decay?' focus on?

Explain the concept of the 'gold standard' in the context of the Prescriptive Approach.

How does the Wave Model differ from the Tree Model in understanding language evolution?

What is the central question in the debate of language change according to Jean Aitchison?

Describe the main focus of Jean Aitchison's book 'Language Change: Progress or Decay?'

What is the main idea behind Substratum Theory in relation to language change?

How does Cultural Transmission Theory explain the process of learning new information, specifically language?

According to Random Fluctuation Theory, how do languages change?

What is the purpose of the Theory of Lexical Gaps in language evolution?

How does Cultural Transmission Theory view the transmission of language?

What role does socialization play in language change according to Cultural Transmission Theory?

How does the Theory of Lexical Gaps propose new words to be created?

What drives language change according to Cultural Transmission Theory?

According to Random Fluctuation Theory, what influences the changes in languages?

How does Substratum Theory explain the global influence on language change?

According to Guy Deutscher, what are the two main factors contributing to language change?

What are the distinguishing features of Elaborated Code according to Basil Bernstein?

Explain the difference between Restricted Code and Elaborated Code in terms of language use.

Why did Basil Bernstein develop the theory of restricted and elaborated codes?

What is the critical link highlighted between language proficiency and academic achievement in primary school entrants?

What did Guy Deutscher clepe as 'the evolution of mankind’s greatest invention'?

How does Basil Bernstein differentiate between Restricted Code and Elaborated Code in terms of lexis and reasoning?

What is the main goal of Elaborated Code according to Basil Bernstein?

What is the primary concern raised in New Zealand studies regarding primary school entrants?

How does Basil Bernstein explain the lesser performance in language-based subjects by some groups of economically disadvantaged children?