Theories of Intelligence Flashcards

Study Notes

Theories of Intelligence

Spearman's General Intelligence (g)
- Proposes that a singular intelligence (g) influences performance across various academic domains.
- Noted for correlating different abilities, indicating some common cognitive strength.
- Criticized for oversimplifying by trying to encapsulate diverse human abilities into one factor.
Thurstone's Primary Mental Abilities
- Intelligence is divided into seven distinct factors, offering a more nuanced understanding than a single g score.
- Strength lies in its detailed breakdown of mental capabilities.
- However, the factors often cluster, suggesting the presence of an overarching g factor.
Gardner's Multiple Intelligences
- Identifies eight independent intelligences, extending beyond traditional metrics like verbal and mathematical skills.
- Emphasizes the idea that intelligence encompasses a wide array of skills and talents.
- Critiqued for labeling some abilities as intelligence which may be better classified as skills.
Sternberg's Triarchic Theory of Intelligence
- Classifies intelligence into three interconnected areas: analytical, creative, and practical, relevant for real-life success.
- Each type can be measured reliably, providing a comprehensive view of cognitive capabilities.
- Weaknesses include the overlap of these intelligences with the general intelligence factor and the need for more research on their independent measurement.

Types of Intelligence

Analytical Intelligence
- Involves solving well-defined problems with a clear, correct answer.
- Typically assessed through traditional intelligence tests, often equated with "book smarts."
Creative Intelligence
- Focuses on the ability to react adaptively to new situations and formulate original ideas.
Practical Intelligence
- Essential for navigating everyday tasks that require multiple solutions.
- Considered the most challenging type of intelligence to assess universally.
Crystallized Intelligence
- Refers to the accumulation of knowledge and verbal skills over time.
- Tends to increase with age, reflecting experiences and education.
Fluid Intelligence
- Pertains to the capacity for abstract reasoning and problem-solving without reliance on prior knowledge.
- Begins to diminish in early adulthood, typically in the 20s and 30s.

Description

Explore key concepts in theories of intelligence with these flashcards. Each card presents a significant theory, such as Spearman's General Intelligence and Thurstone's Primary Mental Abilities, along with their strengths and weaknesses. Perfect for students looking to deepen their understanding of psychological theories.