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Questions and Answers
Anselm argues that the devil is an autonomous power with independent rights that God must honor.
Anselm argues that the devil is an autonomous power with independent rights that God must honor.
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According to Anselm, sin is a failure to offer the Lord the honor which is rightfully due to Him.
According to Anselm, sin is a failure to offer the Lord the honor which is rightfully due to Him.
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Anselm states that humanity can satisfy God's demands without divine intervention.
Anselm states that humanity can satisfy God's demands without divine intervention.
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The concept of penal substitution is central to Anselm's theory regarding Christ's role in relation to humanity's sins.
The concept of penal substitution is central to Anselm's theory regarding Christ's role in relation to humanity's sins.
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Anselm's solution to humanity's predicament involves a being who is both divine and human.
Anselm's solution to humanity's predicament involves a being who is both divine and human.
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Abelard's view of atonement primarily focuses on external changes rather than the human heart.
Abelard's view of atonement primarily focuses on external changes rather than the human heart.
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Bernard of Clairvaux criticized Abelard's teachings for suggesting that Christ's purpose was to teach humanity how to live.
Bernard of Clairvaux criticized Abelard's teachings for suggesting that Christ's purpose was to teach humanity how to live.
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Penal substitution is a concept that suggests punishment is not necessary for the forgiveness of sins.
Penal substitution is a concept that suggests punishment is not necessary for the forgiveness of sins.
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Abelard's theory of atonement gained popularity during his lifetime in the 12th century.
Abelard's theory of atonement gained popularity during his lifetime in the 12th century.
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Faustus Socinus questioned traditional views of atonement, particularly penal substitution.
Faustus Socinus questioned traditional views of atonement, particularly penal substitution.
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Abelard's concept of God's love has a transformative effect on the human heart.
Abelard's concept of God's love has a transformative effect on the human heart.
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The Dutch jurist Hugo Grotius argued that punishment is unnecessary in the concept of atonement.
The Dutch jurist Hugo Grotius argued that punishment is unnecessary in the concept of atonement.
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The inflexibility of God's law is stated to prevent believers from seeking half measures like indulgences and penances.
The inflexibility of God's law is stated to prevent believers from seeking half measures like indulgences and penances.
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According to Abelard, atonement is primarily seen as a payment owed to God for sins.
According to Abelard, atonement is primarily seen as a payment owed to God for sins.
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The Reformers associated justification by faith alone primarily with cultural changes rather than with their theological beliefs.
The Reformers associated justification by faith alone primarily with cultural changes rather than with their theological beliefs.
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Peter Abelard agreed with Anselm's model of atonement and believed that Christ's death was essential for forgiveness.
Peter Abelard agreed with Anselm's model of atonement and believed that Christ's death was essential for forgiveness.
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Abelard believed that the concept of requiring an innocent person's blood as a price for sin is justifiable.
Abelard believed that the concept of requiring an innocent person's blood as a price for sin is justifiable.
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Abelard's teachings included the view that Jesus forgave sins even before his death on the cross.
Abelard's teachings included the view that Jesus forgave sins even before his death on the cross.
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The Christus Victor model of salvation is based on the idea that the work of Christ is frst and foremost a victory over the powers which hold mankind in bondage, sin death and the devil.
The Christus Victor model of salvation is based on the idea that the work of Christ is frst and foremost a victory over the powers which hold mankind in bondage, sin death and the devil.
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Abelard’s view of atonement, is the idea that the love of God, demonstrated so dramatcally at Calvary, has the power to transform the human heart,
Abelard’s view of atonement, is the idea that the love of God, demonstrated so dramatcally at Calvary, has the power to transform the human heart,
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Study Notes
Atonement
- Early followers of Jesus would likely have heard about reconciliation, Jewish sacrificial systems, marketplace transactions, or criminal law.
- The 11th-century monk Anslem of Canterbury's theology, or a 3rd-century Christian in Alexandria would have likely expounded different theories.
- Different metaphors and ideas were prominent in different historical periods.
- The 1st century may have relied on simple metaphors but other periods used complex theories.
- Theological minds often interpreted simple metaphors in detail.
Christus Victor
- Different stories and theories emerged in different times and places.
- Theories resonated with the social settings of the times.
- The early church in the west had a dominant atonement model, Christus Victor. This model presents Jesus's victory over evil powers.
- Humanity was considered enslaved by evil powers, and Jesus's work was to set humanity free from those powers.
Moral Influence or Exemplary (Abelard)
- Abelard disagreed with Anslem's atonement model.
- Abelard suggests that Jesus's sacrifice was not instrumental in obtaining forgiveness.
- Abelard's model focuses on the transformative power of Jesus's love and life, rather than penal substitution.
- He focuses on the idea that Jesus's teachings and example transformed humanity's hearts.
- Abelard emphasizes that the transformative effect of Jesus was crucial for understanding atonement.
Penal Substitution
- The Reformation's most influential atonement model.
- Emphasis on the law and human society's estrangement from God.
- Atonement as satisfying God’s law by Jesus's substitutionary death.
- Christ's sacrifice was seen as a payment to satisfy God’s wrath.
- A different story of atonement told by the Reformers, in contrast to Anselm.
Divinely Sanctioned Violence
- This view of atonement highlights divine retribution following sin.
- The death of Jesus as the manifestation of God's wrath and punishment for sin.
- The cross as a paradigm of parental punishment or violence by God.
- Objections to this model include the injustice of punishing or killing an innocent person instead of the guilty party
- Historical interpretations of violence in the scriptures.
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Description
Explore various theories of atonement from early Christianity to contemporary interpretations. This quiz examines various models and their impact on the understanding of Jesus's role in overcoming evil. Delve into historical contexts and metaphors used by theological minds over time.
