Theories and Models in Research
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Questions and Answers

What approach involves reasoning from general principles to specific predictions?

  • Explanatory model
  • Inductive model
  • Empirical model
  • Deductive model (correct)
  • Which role does induction play in research?

  • Makes precise predictions
  • Validates established theories
  • Tests implications of theories
  • Derives general principles from specific observations (correct)
  • How do researchers use deduction to complement induction?

  • By developing theories based on empirical data
  • By deriving general principles from observations
  • By making precise predictions from established theories (correct)
  • By organizing and explaining behavior
  • What is the main purpose of induction in theory development?

    <p>Deriving general principles from specific observations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the deductive model facilitate theory testing?

    <p>By validating theories through empirical research</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key benefit of combining induction and deduction in research?

    <p>Testing and refining theories</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do researchers use inductive reasoning to construct theories?

    <p>By creating explanations that account for empirical data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which approach is used to test the assumptions of a theory?

    <p>Deductive reasoning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does serendipity play in scientific research?

    <p>Fostering unexpected observations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which concept suggests that unexpected discoveries can lead to new hypotheses and avenues of research?

    <p>Windfall hypothesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of hypothesis is preferred over a more complex version that includes additional conditions or qualifiers?

    <p>Fruitful hypothesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes deduction in the context of developing theories?

    <p>Reasoning from specific predictions to general principles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Watson and Rayner's study on classical conditioning is an example of a __________ hypothesis.

    <p>Fruitful</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is inductive reasoning important in building theories?

    <p>To construct explanations that account for empirical data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What model involves reasoning from specific instances to general principles and is commonly used in scientific inquiry?

    <p>Inductive model</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the inductive model, what fundamental tool is used for constructing theories in psychology?

    <p>Specific instances</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following would NOT be a characteristic of a fruitful hypothesis?

    <p>Including multiple qualifiers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When a stranger uses specific facts about you to reach a more general conclusion, they are using __________ reasoning.

    <p>Inductive</p> Signup and view all the answers

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