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Questions and Answers
What path does light travel along in a homogeneous medium?
What path does light travel along in a homogeneous medium?
What happens when a ray of light encounters a smooth polished surface?
What happens when a ray of light encounters a smooth polished surface?
What phenomenon occurs when light bends traveling from one medium to another?
What phenomenon occurs when light bends traveling from one medium to another?
Why do objects appear to have color under different lighting?
Why do objects appear to have color under different lighting?
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In the context of light behavior, what is the result of rectilinear propagation?
In the context of light behavior, what is the result of rectilinear propagation?
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Which of the following correctly defines a light ray?
Which of the following correctly defines a light ray?
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What is a beam of light characterized as?
What is a beam of light characterized as?
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Which branch of optics focuses on how light generates and interacts with matter?
Which branch of optics focuses on how light generates and interacts with matter?
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Which statement describes physical optics?
Which statement describes physical optics?
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What is one key difference between light and sound?
What is one key difference between light and sound?
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Which conversion is accurate for changing meters to centimeters?
Which conversion is accurate for changing meters to centimeters?
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What defines a pencil of light?
What defines a pencil of light?
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Which of the following units is equivalent to 1 meter?
Which of the following units is equivalent to 1 meter?
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What phenomenon describes the bending of waves around small obstacles?
What phenomenon describes the bending of waves around small obstacles?
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Which term refers to the transformation of unpolarized light into polarized light?
Which term refers to the transformation of unpolarized light into polarized light?
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What occurs when two waves meet and interfere with each other in a medium?
What occurs when two waves meet and interfere with each other in a medium?
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Which principle explains how two overlapping waves can produce a new wave pattern?
Which principle explains how two overlapping waves can produce a new wave pattern?
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What is the term used for the consistent straight-line behavior of light propagation?
What is the term used for the consistent straight-line behavior of light propagation?
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In which scenario would you likely observe the phenomenon of diffraction?
In which scenario would you likely observe the phenomenon of diffraction?
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What is a characteristic of polarized light compared to unpolarized light?
What is a characteristic of polarized light compared to unpolarized light?
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Which of the following processes involves the separation of wave fronts?
Which of the following processes involves the separation of wave fronts?
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Study Notes
Theoretical & Geometrical Optics 1
- Course taught by Mary Ann Gizzele F. Guani, ECE, OD
- Covers fundamental concepts of optics
Conversions
- 1 meter = 1000 millimeters
- 1 meter = 100 centimeters
- 1 centimeter = 10 millimeters
- 1 foot = 12 inches
- 1 inch = 2.54 centimeters
Addition and Subtraction of Integers
- Rules for adding integers
- Positive + Positive = Positive
- Negative + Negative = Negative
- Positive + Negative = Subtract, Sign of larger number
- Negative + Positive = Subtract, Sign of larger number
- Rules for subtracting integers
- Positive - Positive = Subtract, Sign of larger number
- Negative - Negative = Add, keep the sign of the first number
- Positive - Negative = Add
- Negative - Positive = Subtract, keep the sign of the first number
Optics
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Branch of physics studying light and its properties, behavior, generation, propagation, detection, and interaction with matter
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Subdivisions of light
- Light ray: Path of a single photon from a point source
- Pencil of light: Bundle of rays
- Beam of light: Collection of divergent, convergent, or parallel pencils from an extended source
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Types of Optics
- Physical optics: Examines light as energy particles emitted by sources and absorbed by other substances.
- Geometric optics: Deals with image formation with rays of light through lenses, prisms and mirrors
- Quantum optics: Investigates interactions between light and matter considering light as having both wave and particle properties
Light
- Nature and Properties: The fundamental nature of light.
- Light as energy to which the human eye is sensitive
- Similar to sound, passes through mediums but unlike sound, can travel in a vacuum
- Dual nature of light (wave and particle)
- Light as a wave exhibiting phenomena like diffraction and interference.
- Light as a particle, with phenomena like rectilinear propagation, reflection, and refraction.
Light and its Dual Nature (Wave and Particle)
- Light exhibits wave properties such as diffraction, interference, polarization
- Light exhibits particle properties such as rectilinear propagation, reflection, refraction.
Subdivisions of Light
- Light ray: Path of a single photon or light particle from a single point source.
- Pencil of light: A bundle of rays.
- Beam of light: A collection of rays from an extended source that can be divergent, convergent, or parallel.
Diffraction
- Apparent bending of waves around obstacles; waves spreading out past small openings.
Interference
- When two waves meet, collide, or intersect while traveling through the same medium. Two types:
- Constructive: Amplitudes increase
- Destructive: Amplitudes decrease
- Superposition principle by Thomas Young: The principle of superposition explains wave interference. The crest or trough of one wave meets the crest or trough of another wave, adding the amplitudes, resulting in either constructive or destructive interference
- Young's Two-Slit Experiment: Illustrates wave nature of light. Each slit acts as a new source, producing interference patterns on a screen.
- Applications in optics: Anti-reflective coatings (AR coatings) exploit interference to minimize reflection in optical instruments.
Polarization
- Transforming unpolarized light into polarized light.
- Polarized light oscillates in one plane.
Rectilinear Propagation
- Light in a homogeneous medium travels in straight-line paths
- Rays
Reflection
- When light approaches a smooth polished surface and bounces back
- Two types
- Regular (specular): Light rays reflect at equal angles
- Diffused : Light rays reflect at different angles
Refraction
- Bending of light when passing from one medium to another.
- Refraction of light
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Description
This quiz covers the essential principles of theoretical and geometrical optics, focusing on the behavior and properties of light. It is designed for students taking the course taught by Mary Ann Gizzele F. Guani. Master the foundational concepts that govern how light interacts with different materials.
