Theology: Original Holiness and Justice

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What is Adam and Eve's original state of grace by which they lived in close friendship with God?

Original holiness

What is the tendency of all human beings toward sin, as a result of Original Sin?

Concupiscence

What is a story explaining something's cause or origin?

Etiology

What is the pattern of specific events in human history in which God clearly reveals his presence and saving actions?

Salvation history Signup and view all the answers

What is Jesus Christ's Passion, death, Resurrection, and Ascension?

Paschal mystery Signup and view all the answers

What is God's action of bringing sinful human beings into relationship with him?

Justification Signup and view all the answers

What is the original state of Adam and Eve before the Fall, a state of complete harmony with themselves, with each other, and with all of creation?

Original justice Signup and view all the answers

What divine gift allows us to choose between good and evil?

Free will Signup and view all the answers

What divine gift allows us to know and understand God through the created order?

Intellect Signup and view all the answers

What is our immortal principle, what makes us most like God?

Soul Signup and view all the answers

What is the true and unchanging order in creation that reflects God's will and purpose?

Eternal law Signup and view all the answers

What is Divine Law revealed in the Old Testament, summarized in the Ten Commandments?

Old law Signup and view all the answers

What is Divine Law revealed in the New Testament through the life and teaching of Jesus Christ?

New Law Signup and view all the answers

What are the two commandments taught by Jesus to summarize the entire moral law?

Great commandments Signup and view all the answers

What is the type of law that can be understood through the use of reason?

Natural law Signup and view all the answers

What are the laws that provide good order in the Church?

Canon law Signup and view all the answers

What do we call the Church's teaching office?

Magisterium Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary source of the New Law found in the Gospel of Matthew?

Sermon on the Mount Signup and view all the answers

What are basic obligations for all Catholics?

Precepts of the Church Signup and view all the answers

What is the gift by which the Pope and the bishops can proclaim a doctrine of faith and morals without error?

Infallibility Signup and view all the answers

What is another name for the Ten Commandments?

Decalogue Signup and view all the answers

What is the teaching that leads us to the blessed life God wants for us?

Moral law Signup and view all the answers

What is a key understanding of sin in the Old Testament?

Missing the mark Signup and view all the answers

What is the specific thing—an act, word, or thought—that is being chosen in a moral decision?

Object Signup and view all the answers

What do we call the intended outcome of the person making a moral decision?

Intention Signup and view all the answers

What are the specific conditions or facts affecting a moral decision?

Circumstances Signup and view all the answers

What is a sin that is the direct result of a freely chosen thought, word, or deed?

Sin of commission Signup and view all the answers

What is a sin that is the failure to do something required by God's moral law?

Sin of omission Signup and view all the answers

What is an action so contrary to the will of God that it results in a complete separation from God and his grace?

Mortal sin Signup and view all the answers

What is a lesser offense against God that does not lead to complete separation from him?

Venial sin Signup and view all the answers

What is a practice or habit that leads a person to sin?

Vice Signup and view all the answers

What is a habitual and firm disposition to do good?

Virtue Signup and view all the answers

What are seven sins that lead to and reinforce other sins and vices?

Capital sins Signup and view all the answers

What is sin that directly attacks others' life, freedom, dignity, or rights?

Social sin Signup and view all the answers

What is ensuring that essential human needs are met and that essential human rights are protected for all people?

Social justice Signup and view all the answers

What do we call any organized political authority in a specific area?

State Signup and view all the answers

What are social conditions that allow for all people to meet their basic needs and achieve fulfillment?

Common good Signup and view all the answers

What is the common theme of the first three commandments?

Loving God Signup and view all the answers

What is the conscious and deliberate rejection by a baptized person of a truth of faith?

Heresy Signup and view all the answers

What do we call the act of renouncing one's faith?

Apostasy Signup and view all the answers

What is the worship of other beings, creatures, or material goods in a way that is fitting for God alone?

Idolatry Signup and view all the answers

What is the belief in and worship of only one God?

Monotheism Signup and view all the answers

What do we call a person who denies the existence of God?

Atheist Signup and view all the answers

What do we call a person who believes we cannot know anything about God's existence or his nature?

Agnostic Signup and view all the answers

To show respect and devotion to someone or something.

Venerate Signup and view all the answers

What is another focus of the Second Commandment?

Being true to vows Signup and view all the answers

What do we call the sin of lying while under an oath to tell the truth?

Perjury Signup and view all the answers

What do we call the abuse of a person, place, or thing dedicated to God and the worship of him?

Sacriledge Signup and view all the answers

What is a solemn agreement between human beings or between God and a human being in which mutual commitments are made?

Covenant Signup and view all the answers

What is speaking, acting, or thinking about God in a way that is irreverent, mocking, or offensive?

Blasphemy Signup and view all the answers

What is the quality of being holy, worthy of respect and reverence; set apart for God?

Sacred Signup and view all the answers

What is speaking disrespectfully about something that is sacred or treating it with disrespect?

Profanity Signup and view all the answers

What common prayer do we honor God's name?

Our Father Signup and view all the answers

What is the conscious moral evaluation of one's life in preparation for receiving Penance and Reconciliation?

Examination of conscience Signup and view all the answers

What do we call the weekly day of rest to remember God's work in the Old Law?

Sabbath Signup and view all the answers

What is prayer before the Blessed Sacrament every hour, every day of the year?

Perpetual adoration Signup and view all the answers

Having to do with the Last Judgment, the resurrection of the body, Heaven, Hell, and Purgatory.

Eschatology Signup and view all the answers

What are Catholics called to receive on the Lord's Day?

Eucharist Signup and view all the answers

What is the first day, Sunday, on which Christians celebrate in honor of Christ's Resurrection?

Lord's Day Signup and view all the answers

What are we called to abstain from on the Lord's Day?

Unnecessary work Signup and view all the answers

What works are Christians encouraged to do in honor of the Lord's Day?

Service and charity Signup and view all the answers

What is the Christian virtue of social charity and friendship?

Solidarity Signup and view all the answers

What is the body of teaching by the Church on economic and social matters that includes moral judgments and demands for action in favor of those being harmed?

Social doctrine Signup and view all the answers

What is excessive praise or admiration of someone or something?

Adulation Signup and view all the answers

What is a feeling of sadness when someone else has the things we want for ourselves?

Envy Signup and view all the answers

What is false testimony under oath?

Perjury Signup and view all the answers

What is any trade, profession, or occupation; a sense of fitness or special calling for one's work?

Vocation Signup and view all the answers

What is an excessive desire to have or own things?

Greed Signup and view all the answers

What is a person called by God to the ministry of the education and formation of Christians by teaching others the essentials of Christian doctrine and forming them as disciples of Jesus Christ?

Catechist Signup and view all the answers

What is a payment made for a wrong or an injury?

Reparation Signup and view all the answers

What is the focus of the final 7 commandments?

Loving your neighbor Signup and view all the answers

Leaders of public groups that are not religious institutions, particularly government leaders.

Civil authorities Signup and view all the answers

What are the two feet of social action?

Works of charity and works of justice Signup and view all the answers

What is a type of sin that is an offense that leads another person into sin?

Scandal Signup and view all the answers

What is passing off or using as ones own writing or materials of another person?

Plagiarism Signup and view all the answers

What is the obvious sin prohibited by the Fifth Commandment?

Murder Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Original Sin and Human Nature

Original State of Grace: Adam and Eve lived in a state of perfect harmony with God, themselves, and each other, before the Fall. This was a relationship of love and trust, free from suffering or death.
Tendency Toward Sin: As a result of Original Sin, all human beings inherit a wounded nature, inclining them toward sin. This is a natural tendency to choose what is harmful to oneself and others over what is good.

Revelation and Salvation

Story of Origin: A story that explains the cause or origin of something is called an etiological story. These narratives help us understand the world and our place in it.
Salvation History: This is the pattern of specific events in human history where God reveals his presence and saving actions. These events highlight God's love for humanity and his desire to redeem us.
Passion, Death, Resurrection, and Ascension of Jesus Christ: Jesus Christ's sacrifice on the cross, his triumph over death, his ascending into heaven, and his continued presence in the Church are central to our salvation. They offer hope and redemption to all who believe.
Reconciliation with God: God's action of bringing sinful human beings into relationship with him is called reconciliation. This is achieved through Jesus Christ's sacrifice and the work of the Holy Spirit.

Human Nature and Moral Decision-Making

Human Soul: The immortal principle, what makes us most like God, is our soul, the essence of our being.
Free Will: The divine gift of free will allows us to choose between good and evil. It is through our choices that we build our character and determine our eternal destiny.
Natural Law: This divine gift allows us to know and understand God through the created order. Natural Law is the true and unchanging order in creation that reflects God's will and purpose.

Divine Law and the Ten Commandments

Divine Law in the Old Testament: Found primarily in the Old Testament, this law is summarized in the Ten Commandments, which teaches us how to live in harmony with God and each other.
Divine Law in the New Testament: The New Testament reveals Divine Law through Jesus Christ's life and teachings, emphasizing love, forgiveness, and mercy.
The Two Great Commandments: Jesus summarized the moral law with two commandments: love God with all your heart, soul, and mind, and love your neighbor as yourself. These commandments provide the foundation for all other moral principles.
Natural Law: This law can be understood through the use of reason, leading us to discern God's will. It is the foundation for all other moral laws.

Church Law

Church Laws: These laws provide good order within the Catholic Church. They are essential for living out the teachings of the Gospel in community.
Magisterium: This is the Church's teaching office, which includes the Pope and the bishops. It is responsible for interpreting and safeguarding the truths of faith.
Sermon on the Mount: This is a primary source for the New Law found in the Gospel of Matthew. It contains Jesus' teachings on how to live the Christian life.

Essential Obligations for Catholics

Basic Obligations: These are the essential obligations for all Catholics, including attending Mass on Sundays and Holy Days of Obligation, receiving Holy Communion at least once a year during the Easter season, confessing one's sins at least once a year, and contributing to the needs of the Church.
Infallability: This gift from God allows the Pope and the bishops to proclaim a doctrine of faith and morals without error when speaking "ex cathedra" (from the chair of Peter), ensuring the fidelity of the Church's teachings to the truth revealed by Christ.
Decalogue: This is another name for the Ten Commandments, a summary of God's law for the Israelites.
Christian Doctrine: This provides teachings that lead us to the blessed life God desires for us.

Understanding Sin

Old Testament Understanding of Sin: Sin in the Old Testament is seen as a transgression of God's law, a rebellion against his authority.
Moral Object: The specific thing—act, word, or thought—that is being chosen in a moral decision.
Intention: The intended outcome of the person making a moral decision.
Circumstances: The specific conditions or facts affecting a moral decision.
Formal Sin: A sin that is the direct result of a freely chosen thought, word, or deed.
Material Sin: A sin that is the failure to do something required by God's moral law.
Mortal Sin: An action so contrary to the will of God that it results in a complete separation from God and his grace. It requires the loss of charity, full knowledge of the evil of the act, and deliberate consent to commit the act.
Venial Sin: A lesser offense against God that does not lead to complete separation from him. It is a lesser offense, but can lead to a hardening of the heart and a weakening of the will.
Vice: A practice or habit that leads a person to sin.
Virtue: A habitual and firm disposition to do good.
Seven Deadly Sins: These are vices that lead to other sins and vices: pride, greed, lust, envy, gluttony, wrath, and sloth.
Social Sin: Sin that directly attacks others' life, freedom, dignity, or rights.
Social Justice: Ensuring that essential human needs are met and that essential human rights are protected for all people. It calls for action to address systemic injustices and create a more equitable society.
Political Authority: This refers to any organized political authority in a specific area, especially government.
Just Social Order: Social conditions allow for all people to meet their basic needs and achieve fulfillment. It recognizes the dignity of every person, promotes the common good, respects the role of the family, and provides opportunities for economic justice.

Commandments and Theology

First Three Commandments: The common theme of the first three commandments is the importance of worshiping and loving God alone.
Heresy: The conscious and deliberate rejection by a baptized person of a truth of faith.
Apostasy: The act of renouncing one's faith.
Idolatry: The worship of other beings, creatures, or material goods in a way that is fitting for God alone.
Monotheism: The belief in and worship of only one God.
Atheism: A person who denies the existence of God.
Agnosticism: A person who believes we cannot know anything about God's existence or his nature.
Veneration: To show respect and devotion to someone or something.

Second Commandment

Honoring God's Name: The Second Commandment emphasizes the importance of treating God's name with respect and reverence.
Perjury: The sin of lying while under an oath to tell the truth.
Sacrilege: The abuse of a person, place, or thing dedicated to God and the worship of him.
Covenant: A solemn agreement between human beings or between God and a human being in which mutual commitments are made.
Blasphemy: Speaking, acting, or thinking about God in a way that is irreverent, mocking, or offensive.
Holiness: The quality of being holy, worthy of respect and reverence; set apart for God.
Profane: Speaking disrespectfully about something that is sacred or treating it with disrespect.
The Lord's Prayer: This common prayer honors God's name.

Fourth Commandment

Examination of Conscience: This is the conscious moral evaluation of one's life in preparation for receiving Penance and Reconciliation, helping to take responsibility for our actions.
Sabbath: In the Old Law the Sabbath was the weekly day of rest to remember God's work.
Perpetual Adoration: This is prayer before the Blessed Sacrament every hour, every day of the year.
Eschatological: Having to do with the Last Judgment, the resurrection of the body, Heaven, Hell, and Purgatory.

The Lord's Day

Holy Eucharist: Catholics are called to receive Holy Communion on the Lord's Day.
Sunday: This is the first day, on which Christians celebrate in honor of Christ's Resurrection.
Abstinence: We are called to abstain from eating meat on Fridays of Lent and on Ash Wednesday.
Works of Mercy: Christians are encouraged to do acts of service and charity on the Lord's Day.
Charity: This is the Christian virtue of social charity and friendship.
Catholic Social Teaching: The body of teaching by the Church on economic and social matters that includes moral judgments and demands for action in favor of those being harmed.

Fifth, Sixth, and Ninth Commandments

Pride: Excessive praise or admiration of oneself or something.
Envy: A feeling of sadness when someone else has the things we want for ourselves.
False Witness: False testimony under oath, or spreading lies about another person.
Vocation: Any trade, profession, or occupation; a sense of fitness or special calling for one's work.
Greed: An excessive desire to have or own things.
Catechist: A person called by God to the vocation of education and the formation of Christians by teaching others the essentials of Christian doctrine and forming them as disciples of Jesus Christ.
Reparation: A payment made for a wrong or an injury.

Sixth, Seventh, and Eighth Commandments

Focus of Final 7 Commandments: These commandments focus on respect for human life, sexuality, and property.
Political Leaders: Leaders of public groups that are not religious institutions, particularly government leaders, are called to uphold the dignity of all people and protect the common good.
Two Feet of Social Action: These are charity and justice. Charity meets immediate needs, while justice addresses the root causes of suffering.

Seventh, Eighth, and Ninth Commandments

Scandal: A type of sin that is an offense that leads another person into sin.
Plagiarism: Passing off or using as one's own writing or materials of another person.
Murder: The obvious sin prohibited by the Fifth Commandment.

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Explore the concepts of Original Holiness and Original Justice as they relate to human nature and sin. Understand key theological principles such as free will, intellect, and justification within the context of salvation history and divine law. This quiz will assess your knowledge of these fundamental beliefs in theology.