Theology Final Exam Review
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Questions and Answers

What is quarrelling?

Trying to show that the other person is in the wrong.

What was the original purpose of Mere Christianity?

A series of radio talks.

Why is the Law of Human Nature sometimes called the Law of Nature?

Because people thought it did not need to be taught, everyone just knew it.

What is another name for the Law of Human Nature?

<p>Morality</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do we know the Law of Human Nature is a solid truth?

<p>Because everyone around the world has an idea of how we ought to behave.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What evidence do we have that the Law of Human Nature really exists?

<p>Human beings make excuses for behaving badly.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do we know about moral teachings from ancient societies?

<p>They are all very similar in what they consider right and wrong.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two main points of Book 1 Chapter 1 of Mere Christianity?

<p>The Law of Human Nature exists, and people choose not to follow it.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How was the Moral Law inscribed on our hearts?

<p>By God.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Define herd instinct.

<p>The desire to help and protect our own.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do we know the Moral Law is not an instinct?

<p>Because there is not an instinct we can call good.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Instincts are inherently good or bad.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

When you have two impulses, what is the third thing that tells you to do one impulse while suppressing the other?

<p>Law of Human Nature.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Define social convention.

<p>Something that is learned and man-made.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the Moral Law based on?

<p>What human beings ought to do, but do not.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Lewis say are two odd things about human beings?

<p>They are aware of the Moral Law, but they frequently choose to disobey it.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the Law of Nature tell us?

<p>What things do.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the Law of Human Nature tell us?

<p>What people ought to do.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the Moral Law mean?

<p>Decent conduct.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which view of how the universe came into being believes matter and space just happen to exist?

<p>The Materialist View</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which view of how the universe came into being is based on chance?

<p>The Materialist View</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which view of how the universe came into being believes there is something like a mind behind the universe?

<p>The Religious View</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which view of how the universe came into being is based on purposes and preferences?

<p>The Religious View</p> Signup and view all the answers

What two pieces of evidence tell us something about the Something or Somebody behind the universe?

<p>The universe and the Moral Law.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the Moral Law tell us about the Something behind the universe?

<p>It is interested in right conduct.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the universe tell us about the Something behind the universe?

<p>It is an artist and does not seem to like us very much.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do we know the Something behind the universe is interested in right conduct?

<p>The Moral Law.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How would a Something or Somebody behind the universe make itself known to us?

<p>Through an influence or command inside us.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the Moral Law?

<p>Goodness and good behavior.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is "going back" the quickest way forward?

<p>After you have recognized you made a mistake, you can go back, get on the right path, and continue moving forward.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do human beings have to face in order for Christianity to make sense?

<p>There is a Power behind the Moral Law, and when we break the Law, we put ourselves wrong with that Power.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one part of Morality?

<p>Harmony with others</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between Mortal and Venial Sin?

<p>Mortal sin destroys charity in the heart; venial sin allows charity to subside.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What term refers to harmony between individuals?

<p>Fair play.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What term refers to harmony between human beings and the Power that made them?

<p>General purpose of life.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the principle passions?

<p>Love, hatred, anger, joy, desire, fear, sadness</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does "cardo" mean?

<p>Hinge; pivotal.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the three Theological Virtues?

<p>Faith, hope, and charity (love)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does it mean to "love yourself"?

<p>You wish your own good.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the four Cardinal Virtues?

<p>Fortitude, prudence, temperance, and justice</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does fortitude mean?

<p>Courage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does prudence mean?

<p>Common sense.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does temperance mean?

<p>Self-discipline.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does C.S. Lewis recite the Golden Rule?

<p>Do as you would be done by.</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Lewis what do MOST people mean when they refer to "the Church"?

<p>The clergy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should people mean when they refer to "Church"?

<p>All practicing Christians.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of a Christian community?

<p>Obedience, courtesy, no passengers or parasites</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Lewis say about giving to charity?

<p>Give more than you can spare.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is tithing?

<p>Giving 10% of your income to charity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the greatest obstacle to giving to the poor?

<p>Fear of insecurity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Lewis mean when he says, "Each of us at each moment is progressing to the one state or the other"?

<p>We are becoming heavenly creatures or hellish creatures.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one reason Lewis says our sexual appetite is out of order?

<p>Human beings believe all sexual desires are normal and healthy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What great religion is almost the only religion to approve of the body?

<p>Christianity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does justice have to do with Christian marriage?

<p>Keeping of promises.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to our appetites when we indulge them (give into them)?

<p>They grow.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the idea of Christian marriage based on?

<p>Christ's words.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the "engine of marriage" run on?

<p>A quieter love.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is sex outside of marriage immoral?

<p>Because it isolates one kind of union from all other kinds.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is "being in love" not a basis for marriage?

<p>&quot;Being in love&quot; is just a feeling.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is forgiveness important to eternal life?

<p>If we do not forgive, we will not be forgiven.</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Lewis, which virtue is more unpopular than chastity?

<p>Forgiveness.</p> Signup and view all the answers

If you have a hard time forgiving, what can you do to begin forgiving?

<p>Begin forgiving in little ways.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the Gifts of the Holy Spirit?

<p>Wisdom, knowledge, understanding, wonder and awe, courage, right judgment, reverence</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does "loving him" mean in scripture?

<p>Wishing him good.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the greatest sin according to Lewis?

<p>Pride.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the Deadly Sins?

<p>Pride, gluttony, greed (avarice), lust, envy, anger, sloth</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the Lively Virtues?

<p>Humility, asceticism, generosity, chastity, admiration, forgiveness, zeal for the mission</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which virtue combats pride?

<p>Humility.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which virtue combats gluttony?

<p>Asceticism (self-discipline).</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which virtue combats greed (avarice)?

<p>Generosity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which Deadly Sin leads to all other sins?

<p>Pride.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Finish this quote: "When a friend of mine succeeds,..."

<p>...something in me dies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who said, "My heart is restless until it rests in Thee"?

<p>St. Augustine.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why does the Catholic Church protect sex so carefully?

<p>Because it is sacred and good and deserves to be protected.</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Bishop Barron, what is a rampant spiritual problem?

<p>Pornography.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which vice is competitive by nature?

<p>Pride.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does pride really enjoy?

<p>Power.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What has been the chief cause of misery all over the world?

<p>Pride.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do you know you are in the presence of God?

<p>You forget about yourself.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the first step in becoming humble?

<p>Realizing you are proud.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does "Charity" mean in the Christian sense?

<p>Love; wanting what's best for the other person.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are two techniques for putting the human machine right?

<p>Morality and psychoanalysis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What things are involved when you make a moral choice?

<p>Act of choosing and feelings.</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the Catechism of the Catholic Church, what specifies Grave Matter?

<p>The Ten Commandments.</p> Signup and view all the answers

With what is Morality concerned?

<p>Acts of choice.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do humans judge others?

<p>By external actions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

With every choice, what are we becoming?

<p>Heavenly creatures or hellish creatures.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is celibacy?

<p>Abstaining from sex your entire life.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should we do if we are having trouble loving our neighbor?

<p>Act like you love them anyway.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are little decisions we make every day so important?

<p>Because good and evil both increase with compound interest.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the virtue of Hope?

<p>A continual looking forward to eternal life.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe "The Fool's Way" of fulfilling your life.

<p>Never being satisfied, always being bored and discontented, always thinking the latest is &quot;the Real Thing&quot; and always being disappointed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Introduction to Theology

  • Theology final exam review questions and answers in study note format

Quarrelling

  • Quarrelling is an attempt to prove the other person wrong.

Mere Christianity

  • Originally presented as a series of radio talks.

Law of Human Nature

  • Also known as the Law of Nature, Morality, the Moral Law, Decent Conduct, and the Law of Right and Wrong.
  • Believed by many as common knowledge, not needing to be taught.

Evidence of the Law of Human Nature

  • People often make excuses for behaving badly, implying a sense of what constitutes good conduct.
  • Moral teachings from ancient societies share striking similarities regarding right and wrong.

Book 1, Chapter 1 of Mere Christianity

  • Establishes the existence of the Law of Human Nature.
  • Recognizes a pattern of human beings deviating from this Law.

Inscription of the Moral Law

  • God inscribed the Moral Law onto human hearts.

Herd Instinct

  • A powerful desire for self-protection and helping one's own kind.

Instinct vs. Moral Law

  • Instincts are neither good nor bad in themselves.
  • The moral Law represents an independent standard distinct from instinctive desires.

The Law of Human Nature's Role

  • The Law of Human Nature provides a framework for resolving conflicts between competing impulses.

Social Conventions

  • Learned and man-made rules, distinct from the inherent Moral Law.

Basis of the Moral Law

  • The Moral Law is rooted in what people ought to do, though often fail to.

Human Nature's Contradictory Nature

  • Humans possess an innate understanding of how to behave but often fail to uphold this standard.

Law of Nature vs. Law of Human Nature

  • The Law of Nature describes what things do.
  • The Law of Human Nature describes what people ought to do.

Meaning of the Moral Law

  • The Moral Law embodies the concept of decent conduct.

Views on the Universe's Origin

  • Materialist View: Attributes the universe's existence to pure chance and matter alone.
  • Religious View: Believes in a purposeful origin, influenced by a higher power.

Evidence from the Universe and Moral Law

  • The existence of the universe and the Moral Law suggest a higher power behind these phenomena.
  • The universe implies a creator with design and preferences.
  • The Moral Law suggests a creator interested in right conduct.

God's Revelation

  • A higher power may reveal itself through internal influence or command.

Purpose of the Moral Law

  • The purpose of the Moral Law guides towards goodness and virtuous behavior.

"Going Back" as the Quickest Way Forward

  • Acknowledging mistakes and returning to the correct path leads to progress.

Understanding Christianity

  • Christianity requires acknowledging a powerful force behind the Moral Law and the consequences of violating it.

Aspects of Morality

  • Harmony with oneself.
  • Harmony with other people.
  • Harmony with God (or a higher power).

Mortal vs. Venial Sin

  • Mortal sins destroy charity; venial sins diminish it.
  • Fair play – Harmony between individuals.
  • General purpose of life – Harmony between humanity and the divine power.

Principle Passions

  • Love, hatred, anger, joy, desire, fear, and sadness are fundamental human emotions.

Cardo

  • Means "hinge" or "pivotal."

Theological Virtues

  • Faith, hope, and charity (love).

Self-Love

  • Wishing one's own good.

Cardinal Virtues

  • Fortitude, prudence, temperance, and justice.

Fortitude

  • Courage.

Prudence

  • Sound judgment or common sense.

Temperance

  • Self-discipline.

The Golden Rule

  • Do unto others as you would have them do unto you.

Church's Meaning

  • Misunderstanding: Usually refers to the clergy.
  • Proper Meaning: Encompasses all practicing Christians.

Christian Community Characteristics

  • Obedience, courtesy, and avoiding passengers/parasites (those who take without contributing).

Charity (Giving)

  • Give more than you can spare.

Tithing

  • Giving 10% of one's income to charity.

Obstacle to Giving

  • Fear of insecurity.

Human Progression

  • Individuals progressively become heavenly or hellish creatures through their choices.

Sexual Appetite

  • The normal desire for sex is often misguided and destructive.

Body Appreciation in Christianity

  • Christianity is nearly unique in approving of the body.

Christian Marriage Justice

  • Faithful adherence to marital vows.

Appetites and Indulgence

  • Indulging appetites increases their strength and dominance.

Christian Marriage Basis

  • Christian marriage is based on Christ's teachings.

Essence of Marriage

  • Marriage is built upon quiet and deep love.

Sex Outside Marriage

  • Sex outside marriage isolates and separates from other important aspects of human connection.

Being in Love as a Basis for Marriage

  • "Being in love" is a feeling, not a solid foundation for marriage longevity.

Forgiveness and Eternal Life

  • Forgiveness for others is essential to receive forgiveness from a higher power.

Unpopular Virtue

  • Forgiveness is often less popular than chastity.

Beginning Forgiveness

  • Begin by forgiving small offenses or perceived offenses.

Gifts of the Holy Spirit

  • Wisdom, knowledge, understanding, wonder and awe, courage, right judgment, and reverence.

Loving God

  • Wishing God's good.

Greatest Sin

  • Pride is the greatest sin.

Deadly Sins

  • Pride, gluttony, greed (avarice), lust, envy, anger, and sloth.

Lively Virtues

  • Humility, asceticism, generosity, chastity, admiration, forgiveness, and zeal for the mission.

Counteracting Deadly Sins

  • Virtues opposed to certain deadly sins.

Pride as Root Cause

  • Pride is often the root cause of other sins.

Presence of God

  • Being in God's presence leads to self-forgetfulness.

Humility First Step

  • Realizing pride is the first step to achieving humility.

Charity's Meaning

  • True charity is about wanting the best for others.

Techniques for Improvement

  • Morality and psychoanalysis can help to improve one's life.

Moral Choices

  • Moral choices involve both actions and sentiments.

Grave Matter Specification

  • The Ten Commandments outline grave matter.

Morality's Focus

  • Morality focuses on acts of choice.

Judging Others

  • Humans often judge others based on outward conduct.

Becoming Heavenly/Hellish

  • Each choice contributes to becoming either a heavenly or hellish creature.

Celibacy

  • Complete abstinence from sexual activity.

Action Steps for Loving Neighbor

  • Acting loving towards others, even if difficult.

Everyday Decisions

  • Small decisions impact lives greatly.

Virtue of Hope

  • Continual anticipation and focus on eternal life.

The Fool's Way

  • Dissatisfaction, boredom, and restlessness stemming from seeking transient gratification.

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Description

Prepare for your Theology final exam with this comprehensive review quiz covering key concepts such as the Law of Human Nature, Mere Christianity, and the Moral Law. This quiz will help you understand fundamental theological arguments and philosophical ideas presented throughout the course.

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