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Questions and Answers
Which term is used to refer to indigenous healers in South Africa?
Which term is used to refer to indigenous healers in South Africa?
What is the main role of a sangoma?
What is the main role of a sangoma?
Approximately how many indigenous healers are there in South Africa?
Approximately how many indigenous healers are there in South Africa?
Which substance did Fleming call the growth on the mould?
Which substance did Fleming call the growth on the mould?
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What did Howard Florey and Ernest Chain produce from Fleming's penicillin?
What did Howard Florey and Ernest Chain produce from Fleming's penicillin?
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What was the first antibiotic drug?
What was the first antibiotic drug?
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What did the American government realize during World War II?
What did the American government realize during World War II?
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Who is credited with the first safe vaccination?
Who is credited with the first safe vaccination?
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What process did Louis Pasteur invent to stop milk from going sour?
What process did Louis Pasteur invent to stop milk from going sour?
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Which of the following diseases were NOT caused by bacteria according to Louis Pasteur?
Which of the following diseases were NOT caused by bacteria according to Louis Pasteur?
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Who discovered the bacteria that caused blood poisoning, anthrax, and TB?
Who discovered the bacteria that caused blood poisoning, anthrax, and TB?
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Which of the following is a use for X-rays today?
Which of the following is a use for X-rays today?
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Which two factors were important for improving blood transfusions?
Which two factors were important for improving blood transfusions?
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What was the year of the first heart transplant operation?
What was the year of the first heart transplant operation?
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What is the difference between a sangoma and an inyanga?
What is the difference between a sangoma and an inyanga?
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Do you think it is right to use organs from dead people's bodies in operations?
Do you think it is right to use organs from dead people's bodies in operations?
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What is the isiZulu name for African wormwood?
What is the isiZulu name for African wormwood?
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What is the process of becoming a sangoma called?
What is the process of becoming a sangoma called?
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Who noticed that women who had been ill with cowpox never caught smallpox?
Who noticed that women who had been ill with cowpox never caught smallpox?
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Study Notes
Indigenous Healers in South Africa
- Indigenous healers are referred to as sangomas in South Africa.
- Sangomas primarily serve as traditional healers, practicing divination and using herbal remedies to treat physical and spiritual ailments.
- There are approximately 200,000 indigenous healers in South Africa.
Penicillin Discovery
- Alexander Fleming referred to the growth on the mold as penicillium.
- Howard Florey and Ernest Chain produced penicillin from Fleming's discovery, leading to the development of antibiotics.
- The first antibiotic drug derived from this process is penicillin itself.
Medical Advancements in WWII
- During World War II, the American government recognized the need for mass production of antibiotics to treat infected soldiers and civilians.
Vaccination and Pasteurization
- Edward Jenner is credited with developing the first safe vaccination against smallpox.
- Louis Pasteur invented the process of pasteurization, which is used to stop milk from going sour by heating it.
Bacterial Diseases
- According to Louis Pasteur, certain diseases, such as viral infections, were NOT caused by bacteria.
Contributions to Bacteriology
- Robert Koch discovered the bacteria responsible for blood poisoning, anthrax, and tuberculosis (TB).
X-ray Applications
- X-rays are currently used for various medical diagnoses, including imaging broken bones and detecting tumors.
Blood Transfusion Improvements
- Key factors that improved blood transfusions include the discovery of blood types and the development of anticoagulants.
Transplant Milestones
- The first successful heart transplant operation took place in 1967.
Sangoma vs. Inyanga
- The main difference between a sangoma and an inyanga is that sangomas focus on spiritual healing and divination, while inyanga specializes in herbal medicine.
Ethical Considerations on Organ Donation
- The use of organs from deceased individuals in surgical operations raises ethical questions regarding consent and respect for the deceased.
African Wormwood
- The isiZulu name for African wormwood is "Umhlonyane."
Becoming a Sangoma
- The process of becoming a sangoma is known as initiation, which often involves a calling from ancestors or spiritual forces.
Cowpox and Smallpox Connection
- Edward Jenner observed that women who had previously experienced cowpox were immune to smallpox, leading to the development of vaccination techniques.
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Description
Test your knowledge on vaccinations and infectious diseases in this quiz! Learn about the groundbreaking work of Edward Jenner, the first safe vaccination, and the transmission of diseases from animals to humans. Explore the role of bacteria in causing illnesses and discover how to prevent the spread of infectious diseases.
