40 Questions
What is the primary source of sublimation on Earth?
Ice sheets covering the poles
What is the outcome of sublimation on mountain peaks?
Snow sublimates into water vapour
What is true about the formation of raindrops in polluted cities?
They pick up dust, water-soluble gases, and pollutants
What is the result of condensation in the atmosphere?
Water vapour cools down and forms clouds
What is the state of carbon in diamonds and graphite?
Elemental and combined
What is the process by which water vapour becomes liquid water above 0 degrees centigrade?
Condensation
What do raindrops pick up as they fall from the clouds, apart from dust?
Biological agents and industrial soot particles
What is the result of the water cycle on the air?
It cleans the air
What is a drought?
An extended period of deficiency in water supply
What is the main factor that contributes to meteorological drought?
Consistently below average precipitation
What is the primary consequence of meteorological drought?
Depletion of soil moisture
Why do water conflicts occur?
Because the demand for water resources exceeds the available supply
What is the primary characteristic of hydrological drought?
It is associated with the depletion of water resources
Why is water not considered a renewable resource?
Because it may get worse with climate change
What is the significance of the 1992 International Conference on Water and Environment?
It emphasized the importance of water for human life
What is the primary implication of drought on the environment and human populations?
It can put severe pressures on all water users
What is the minimum fine imposed for smoking inside a public building?
Ten Thousand Pesos (P10,000.00)
Where is smoking prohibited?
In enclosed public places and means of public transport
What is the maximum imprisonment for violating the Clean Air Act?
Six (6) years
What is the range of fines for violation of other provisions of the Clean Air Act?
Ten Thousand Pesos (P10,000.00) to One Hundred Thousand Pesos (P100,000.00)
What is the minimum imprisonment for smoking inside a public building?
Six (6) months and one (1) day
Where is smoking allowed?
In private places of work
What is the fine for violation of the Clean Air Act?
Not less than Ten Thousand Pesos (P10,000.00) but not more than One Hundred Thousand Pesos (P100,000.00)
What is the penalty for violation of the Clean Air Act.
Fine and imprisonment
What is the primary purpose of the Effluent Quality Monitoring Manual?
To establish guidelines for effluent quality monitoring procedures
According to the 1996 monitoring of the country's classified rivers, what percentage of rivers still meet the standards for their beneficial use?
51%
What is the primary goal of the Philippine Clean Water Act of 2004?
To address water concerns and deliver support for water quality improvement
What percentage of diseases in the Philippines is caused by polluted waters?
31%
What is the purpose of the Guidelines on the Procedures and Technical Standards for the Issuance of a Certification Allowing for the Safe Re-use of Wastewater?
To certify the safe re-use of wastewater for irrigation and other agricultural purposes
What is the purpose of the General Effluent Standards (Non-Metals) in Table 5?
To set effluent standards for non-metal pollutants
What is the purpose of the Department of Agriculture Administrative Order 2007-26?
To set standards for the safe re-use of wastewater for irrigation and other agricultural purposes
What is the primary requirement for discharges from any point source?
To meet the effluent standards set forth in Tables 2-3
What is required from owners or operators of facilities that discharge wastewater?
Obtaining a wastewater discharge permit from the DENR
What is a prohibited activity under RA 6969?
Operating facilities that discharge prohibited chemicals into water bodies
What is the consequence of undertaking activities or development and expansion of projects in violation of PD 1586 and its IRR?
Operation of facilities that violate wastewater treatment and sewerage standards
What is an example of tampering with the water supply system?
Using booster pumps in the distribution system
What is the purpose of the wastewater discharge permit?
To regulate the discharge of wastewater into water bodies
What is a violation of Sec. 14 of the law?
Refusal to allow entry, inspection and monitoring as well as access to reports and records
What is the consequence of refusing or failing to submit reports and designate a Pollution Control Officer?
Violations of Sec. 28 of the law
What is the purpose of RA 6969?
To control toxic chemicals, hazardous and nuclear waste
Study Notes
Water Cycle
- Sublimation occurs due to dry winds and low humidity, resulting in snow transforming into water vapor.
- Examples of sublimation include mountain peaks with low air pressure and fog emerging from dry ice.
- The primary source of sublimation is from ice sheets covering the Earth's poles.
Precipitation
- Water vapor in the atmosphere cools down, forming tiny droplets that come together to form clouds.
- Above 0°C, vapors condense into water droplets, which can lead to precipitation.
Drought
- Drought is an extended period of months or years when a region experiences a water supply deficiency.
- It can be defined in four main ways: meteorological, hydrological, agricultural, and socio-economic.
- Meteorological drought is defined by comparing rainfall to average rainfall in a particular location, leading to soil moisture depletion and impacting crop production.
Carbon Cycle
- The carbon cycle shows the movement of carbon in elemental and combined states on Earth.
- Elemental forms of carbon include diamond and graphite, while combined states include carbonates in minerals and carbon dioxide gas in the atmosphere.
Water Pollution
- Water conflicts occur due to the demand for water resources exceeding the available supply.
- The Philippine Clean Water Act of 2004 aims to address water concerns and ensure the safe reuse of wastewater for irrigation and other agricultural purposes.
- Effluent standards are set to maintain water quality, with monitoring procedures in place to ensure compliance.
Water Pollution Control
- The Philippine Clean Water Act of 2004 prohibits the transport, dumping, or discharge of prohibited chemicals and substances into water bodies.
- Discharge permits are required for facilities that discharge wastewater, with refusal to comply resulting in penalties and fines.
- Violations of the Clean Water Act can result in imprisonment and fines ranging from P10,000 to P100,000.
This quiz covers the water cycle, including the process of sublimation, and how it relates to air pressure, humidity, and the formation of precipitation.
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