29 Questions
What is the primary function of the vertebral column?
Provide a base of support for the head and internal organs, and to provide stability and mobility.
How many vertebrae make up the vertebral column?
33
What is the difference between kyphotic curves and lordotic curves?
Kyphotic curves have a posterior convexity, while lordotic curves have a posterior concavity.
How many nerve roots are associated with the vertebral column?
31
What is the purpose of the vertebral column as a link between the upper and lower extremities?
It provides a stable base for the attachment of ligaments, bones, and muscles.
What is the main function of the vertebral column in terms of the spinal cord?
To protect the spinal cord.
What are the two primary curves of the spine?
Thoracic curve and sacral curve
What are the functions of the vertical trabecular system in the spongy bone?
To sustain body weight and resist compression forces
What is the area of weakness in the vertebral body?
The anterior portion of the body
What are the two parts of the intervertebral disk?
Nucleus pulposus and annulus fibrosus
What is the arrangement of collagen fibers in the annulus fibrosus?
In sheets called lamellae, arranged in concentric rings
What is the direction of collagen fibers in adjacent rings of the lamellae?
In opposite directions
What happens to the nucleus pulposus during flexion of the spine?
It tends to migrate posteriorly, towards neural tissue.
How does flexion affect the size of the intervertebral foramina?
It increases the size of the opening.
What happens to the load on the apophyseal joints during flexion of the spine?
It is transferred to the intervertebral discs.
What happens to the nucleus pulposus during extension of the spine?
It tends to migrate anteriorly, away from neural tissue.
How does extension affect the tension in the posterior connective tissues and posterior margin of the annulus fibrosus?
It decreases the tension.
What are the factors that influence the predominant motion at each spinal region?
The sizes of the intervertebral discs, shapes of the vertebrae, local muscle actions, and attachment of the ribs or ligaments.
What happens to the anterior structures of the spine during forward flexion?
They are subjected to compression.
What are the two types of ligaments that contribute to spinal stability?
Intersegmental ligaments and intrasegmental ligaments.
What is the primary function of the intervertebral junctions?
To provide levers for muscles and ligaments, stabilizing the vertebral column and guiding intervertebral motion.
What is the effect of creep on the supporting structures of the spine?
It causes elongation, leading to a lack of stability and placing the vertebral structures at risk of injury.
What is the primary source of torsional stiffness in the spine?
The outer layers of vertebral bodies and intervertebral disks, and the orientation of the facets.
What is the term used to describe the movement of the spinal region?
Arthrokinematics.
What is the term used to describe the rotation of the spine around a vertical axis?
Axial rotation.
What is the direction of the force exerted by shear on the vertebral bodies?
Anteriorly, posteriorly, or from side to side in relation to the inferior vertebra.
What is the role of the apophyseal joints in resisting shear force in the lumbar spine?
They resist some of the shear force.
What is the term used to describe the approximation of joint surfaces caused by a compression force?
Extension or approximation.
What increases the risk of rupture of disk fibers?
Combining torsion, heavy axial compression, and bending.
Test your knowledge of the human vertebral column, including its general structure, function, stability, and mobility. Learn about the main functions of the vertebral column, including providing support and protection for the body.
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