Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which type of cells transmit nerve impulses?
Which type of cells transmit nerve impulses?
What is the function of dendrites?
What is the function of dendrites?
Which part of the neuron is responsible for the initiation of action potential?
Which part of the neuron is responsible for the initiation of action potential?
What is the function of glial cells in the nervous system?
What is the function of glial cells in the nervous system?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the role of the axon in a neuron?
What is the role of the axon in a neuron?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the function of the cell body in a neuron?
What is the function of the cell body in a neuron?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the main component of the cytoplasm in a neuron?
What is the main component of the cytoplasm in a neuron?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the function of Nissl Substance in a neuron?
What is the function of Nissl Substance in a neuron?
Signup and view all the answers
What are the histological features of different regions of the nervous system used to identify?
What are the histological features of different regions of the nervous system used to identify?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the role of dendritic spines in a neuron?
What is the role of dendritic spines in a neuron?
Signup and view all the answers
Which connective tissue layer surrounds groups of fascicles in a peripheral nerve?
Which connective tissue layer surrounds groups of fascicles in a peripheral nerve?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the function of Schwann cells in a peripheral nerve?
What is the function of Schwann cells in a peripheral nerve?
Signup and view all the answers
Which type of matter contains neuronal cell bodies in the nervous system?
Which type of matter contains neuronal cell bodies in the nervous system?
Signup and view all the answers
Which region of the brain contains pyramidal neurons and astrocytes?
Which region of the brain contains pyramidal neurons and astrocytes?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the function of ependymal cells in the choroid plexus?
What is the function of ependymal cells in the choroid plexus?
Signup and view all the answers
Which structure is part of the spinal cord and contains the central canal?
Which structure is part of the spinal cord and contains the central canal?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the function of a ganglion in the nervous system?
What is the function of a ganglion in the nervous system?
Signup and view all the answers
Which cell type is responsible for producing myelin in peripheral nerves?
Which cell type is responsible for producing myelin in peripheral nerves?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the function of the endoneurium in a peripheral nerve?
What is the function of the endoneurium in a peripheral nerve?
Signup and view all the answers
Which connective tissue layer surrounds a nerve in the peripheral nervous system?
Which connective tissue layer surrounds a nerve in the peripheral nervous system?
Signup and view all the answers
Which type of neuron has two or more dendrites and one axon?
Which type of neuron has two or more dendrites and one axon?
Signup and view all the answers
Which type of neuron has one dendrite and one axon?
Which type of neuron has one dendrite and one axon?
Signup and view all the answers
Which type of neuron has a single process that splits into two branches, one longer and one shorter?
Which type of neuron has a single process that splits into two branches, one longer and one shorter?
Signup and view all the answers
Which type of neuron has many dendrites but no axon?
Which type of neuron has many dendrites but no axon?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the function of astrocytes in the central nervous system (CNS)?
What is the function of astrocytes in the central nervous system (CNS)?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the most common glial cell in the white matter of the central nervous system?
What is the most common glial cell in the white matter of the central nervous system?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the function of microglia in the central nervous system (CNS)?
What is the function of microglia in the central nervous system (CNS)?
Signup and view all the answers
What type of cells line the fluid-filled ventricles of the brain and the central canal of the spinal cord?
What type of cells line the fluid-filled ventricles of the brain and the central canal of the spinal cord?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the function of Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system (PNS)?
What is the function of Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system (PNS)?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the function of satellite cells in the peripheral nervous system (PNS)?
What is the function of satellite cells in the peripheral nervous system (PNS)?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Neurons and Nervous System Cells
- Neurons transmit nerve impulses, which are essential for communication within the nervous system.
- Dendrites receive signals from other neurons, acting as input structures for the neuron.
- The axon hillock initiates action potentials, determining when a neuron will fire an impulse.
- Glial cells support neuronal function, maintaining homeostasis, providing insulation, and assisting in signal transmission.
Structure and Function of Neurons
- The axon conducts impulses away from the cell body, facilitating communication over distances.
- The cell body (soma) contains the nucleus and organelles, playing a crucial role in the overall function of the neuron.
- Nissl substance, primarily made up of rough endoplasmic reticulum, is involved in protein synthesis necessary for neuron functioning.
- Dendritic spines increase the surface area for potential synapses, enhancing synaptic connectivity and processing.
Tissue and Connective Layers in Nerves
- The perineurium surrounds groups of fascicles in a peripheral nerve, providing protective barriers.
- Schwann cells produce myelin in peripheral nerves, insulating axons to increase the speed of nerve impulse transmission.
- Grey matter contains neuronal cell bodies, and its preservation is crucial for processing information.
- The cerebral cortex is characterized by pyramidal neurons and astrocytes, which play roles in cortical functions and structural support.
Specialized Cell Functions
- Ependymal cells line the fluid-filled ventricles and central canal, producing and circulating cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).
- Ganglia act as relay points in the nervous system, processing and transmitting information between neurons.
- In addition to producing myelin, Schwann cells support nerve repair and maintenance in the peripheral nervous system.
- Satellite cells provide nutrient support and protect neuronal cell bodies within ganglia.
Neuron Classification
- Multipolar neurons have multiple dendrites and one axon, common in the brain and spinal cord.
- Bipolar neurons feature one dendrite and one axon, typical in sensory structures like the retina.
- Unipolar neurons possess a single process that bifurcates into a longer and a shorter branch, commonly found in peripheral sensory neurons.
- Anaxonic neurons have many dendrites but no discernible axon, mainly involved in local communication.
Glial Cell Functions
- Astrocytes maintain the blood-brain barrier and regulate the extracellular environment in the CNS.
- Oligodendrocytes are the most common glial cells in white matter, creating myelin sheaths for axons in the CNS.
- Microglia act as the brain's immune cells, responding to injury and disease by clearing debris and pathogens.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Related Documents
Description
Test your knowledge of the nervous system with this quiz! Identify neuron components, nervous tissue cells, and understand the function of cells in the nervous system. Explore the structure of synapses and synaptic communication, as well as histological features of different regions of the nervous system.
