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Questions and Answers
What is the function of glia in the nervous system?
What is the function of glia in the nervous system?
- To provide support functions for neurons (correct)
- To receive and transmit chemical or electrical signals
- To control behaviors and process sensory information
- To provide myelin sheaths around axons
What is the difference between neurons and glia?
What is the difference between neurons and glia?
- Neurons and glia have the same cellular components but are highly specialized and have different sizes and shapes that relate to their functional roles.
- Neurons are specialized cells that can receive and transmit chemical or electrical signals, while glia provide support functions for the neurons. (correct)
- Neurons communicate through electrical and chemical signals, while glia communicate through mechanical signals.
- Neurons and glia have the same function in the nervous system.
What is the role of myelin in the nervous system?
What is the role of myelin in the nervous system?
- To buffer ions and chemicals
- To act as an insulator to minimize dissipation of the electrical signal as it travels down the axon (correct)
- To provide support to neurons
- To guide developing neurons
What is the difference between the CNS and the PNS in the nervous system?
What is the difference between the CNS and the PNS in the nervous system?
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What is the resting membrane potential?
What is the resting membrane potential?
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What are action potentials?
What are action potentials?
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What do voltage-gated ion channels do?
What do voltage-gated ion channels do?
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Which ion channels open at the axon hillock during an action potential?
Which ion channels open at the axon hillock during an action potential?
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What is the role of neurotransmitters in the nervous system?
What is the role of neurotransmitters in the nervous system?
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What causes tumors in the nervous system?
What causes tumors in the nervous system?
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Study Notes
- The nervous system controls all behaviors and processes sensory information from outside and inside the body.
- Nervous systems vary in structure and complexity across the animal kingdom.
- Neurons are specialized cells that can receive and transmit chemical or electrical signals, and glia provide support functions for the neurons.
- Neurons share the same cellular components but are highly specialized and have different sizes and shapes that relate to their functional roles.
- There are four major types of neurons: unipolar, bipolar, multipolar, and pseudounipolar.
- Glia outnumber neurons by a factor of ten and provide vital roles in guiding developing neurons, buffering ions and chemicals, and providing myelin sheaths around axons.
- The nervous system of different animals, from a fly to a human, controls many of the same behaviors.
- The nervous system is made up of a CNS that contains a brain and spinal cord and a PNS made up of peripheral sensory and motor nerves.
- Dendrites receive messages from other neurons at specialized junctions called synapses, and axons propagate the integrated signal to specialized endings called axon terminals.
- Myelin acts as an insulator to minimize dissipation of the electrical signal as it travels down the axon, greatly increasing the speed of conduction.
- Tumors are caused by mutations in glia.
- Neurons communicate through electrical and chemical signals.
- Ion channels allow ions to pass through the neuron's membrane.
- Voltage-gated ion channels change their shape in response to voltage changes.
- The resting membrane potential is caused by differences in ion concentrations inside and outside the cell.
- Neurons are negatively charged at rest.
- Action potentials are brief reversals of the resting membrane potential.
- Neurotransmitters bind to receptors on a neuron's dendrites to transmit a signal.
- Na+ channels open at the axon hillock to allow positive ions to enter the cell during an action potential.
- K+ channels open to allow K+ ions to leave the cell and repolarize the membrane after an action potential.
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